Today 2023 I am 4 years into my recovery. I spent a lot of time covering and burying these feelings of neglect, hurt, loneliness, and hate for myself. I was addicted to crack/cocaine, I did cocaine before crack and almost hated it, it gave me the worst sinus infection and I eventually switched to meth. I was that kind of addict that could have died from the lifestyle alone. I traded my morals, self respect and care for anything I ever loved for one more hit. I failed rehab 3 times and did a little time in county. I was the only girl in county jail with the charge "prostitution." I look back now and I realize that the rehab time and all that bull shit was not for me to get better, if we are being honest if I recall one of the only reasons I went was to get out of the cold or because I had nowhere else to go. I wanted to get better but I knew deep down that I wasn't done with drugs, I admit everytime I walked into those doors of treatment my heart was not 100% on stopping drugs. I did try a few times to figure out why I turned to drugs and what was my deep core issue that I was covering up. This story explains finally why I am the way I am. Why I slept with over 20 guys by the time I was 15, including a married man. Now you can say what you want about me but I believe I was looking for love and affection. My innocence was taken from me at a very very young age and the influence I grew up around was not ideal for a kid. My mom and dad were young when they had me and now I know they got married because mom got pregnant, I think she was 19. My dad drank ALOT and he could get mentally, emotionally and physically abusive, if he got enough in him or drank whiskey. Dad has a big heart and I'm his only daughter, he is kind, generous, and a good dad.
I took a lot of time in rehab to try to uncover my issues and try to heal but I got scared and ran every time. This time was different. In 2019 I was left by a guy I depended on, we were both homeless and my stuff was in his truck. One night he decided he wasn't gonna pick me up after work and it left me no choice but to do whatever I could to survive these streets. I needed to put my ducks in a row. By the time I realized he wasn't coming it was 10pm, I needed to find a bed, food, shower maybe, and more drugs to barter with. I ran the streets for almost 2 weeks alone with no help or someone to lean on. When I met Mel, I was looking rough, I had bruises all up and down my arms and legs, I was 90lbs, I haven't eaten in a day or two, and the best part I had the clothes on my back and maybe one more outfit in my bag. I had no underwear, one bra, like no socks, it was truly ridiculous. I lost everything I ever loved and owned 2ce over. I was Finally tired, finally just done.
I met Mel in April of 2019, he was appalled when he realized how much I had lost and I still don't know what his true intentions were, maybe it was to help me or maybe it was to get in my pants, whatever it was I'm glad it happened. I got clean with Mels love and support, no rehab, no NA or AA, I was done and I knew I had to stop or I was gonna die.
These past 4 years I left state with Mel, we traveled for a bit and in this time I got to really think about what happened to me and why. It took some time for me to trust Mel and not think he was gonna leave in another state or somewhere stranded, he never did. I had nightmares, flashbacks, and bursts of anger for the first year. I really had to push through but I decided to write this story to maybe help someone that went through something similar.
I was in a relationship with a 31 yr old when I was 12-13 years old.
A little back story: When I was growing up my dad was a carefree kind and just a free spirit. He was a functional alcoholic, he would get off work and drink anywhere from a half gallon to a whole gallon of vodka a night and get up at 6am and go to work. My mom and dad got divorced when I was young so I was passed back and forth but my dads was my favorite. I was allowed to do whatever I wanted and as a teenager I took advantage of that. Dad had a lot of friends and they drank too. Dad was close to his brother and he had a few real close friends who were around everyday of my childhood for as long as I can remember. The one in particular I will never forget. I was young, I mean like maybe 7-8 when (let's call him Jim) I met Jim. He was young, good looking and had been friends with dad from work. Jim and another one of dads friends lived together so they all started hanging out at my house. I had a friend over and she was a little older that day when Jim first came to my house. She was curious about him and I don't remember much about that day but I do recall Jim laying his head on her lap while she played with his hair. She gave him those flirty eyes and they sat there and talked. Remind you even though Jim was in his late 20s and my friend was maybe 12-13 at the time. Not long after I met Jim he got into some trouble and was sent to prison for a few years.
Fast Forward>>>>>
I was 11 when I found a letter from Jim to my dad. I wasn't sure if I was even allowed to read it but I opened it up and read it anyway. I will never forget the letters that formed the word "tell wild child I said hi." I don't know why I got curious, I actually don't even know what I was thinking. I spent days thinking of the letter, I guess I was lonely, I had to have felt some type of emptiness to write him back. I was 11 writing a grown ass man in prison for pulling out a gun on some guys who robbed him. Me and Jim talked about everything, he became my best friend really quick. I don't know why but I felt comfortable talking to him and telling him things that were happening with me, my friends, my boyfriend, and my family. He talked about his wife and 2 boys, he gave advice and was just very sweet, acted like he understood me and was very genuine. I now see as an adult he was manipulating me as a child but that little girl was craving for attention. We got to know each other, we talked all the way up to the day me and my dad and my friend were with us pulled up to the house after school and there Jim was sitting on our porch, just chilling. Thats when things got confusing and fucked up. I hate telling this story. It is so hard for me to realize what he was doing to me the whole time..
I don't really wanna get into the specifics. Um.. we Got close when he got out, He touched me multiple times, and also touched my friends. He gave me a ring at one point, Jim was 31 years old and I was 13 years old. It wasn't right and I hate that it went on as long as it did. He would kiss me when my dad wasn't around and tell me he loved me. Until the night it all ended. My friend came over while Jim was there I had a boyfriend over and supposedly Jim raped her when I wasnt in the room. There were hickeys on her neck and she was partying and drinking like a rockstar when I left her. I still have no idea what happened that night we even remained friends for a long time after and she never talked about it. I confessed to her that he was doing the same shit to me as he had been touching me for almost a year. She eventually did go to the police that night and she told them about me and everything that was happening. The police charged Jim with 2 counts of sexual imposition with a minor and 1 count rape he got 6 years. I always felt so guilty for sending him to prison, I hated that I had to tell I was ashamed of what he did to me but I was a child. When Jim had 6 months left in his sentence he killed himself in prison. I still don't know if that is true, how he died but I have had to go through years of trying to accept this in my past and live life to the fullest everyday without the reminder of what Jim did to me. I still can't tell you how it affected me, I guess it did in all kinds of ways and me wanting the attention in the first place makes me wonder. Growing up with my father letting me do whatever I wanted mainly because he only had my part time and I didnt think he ever wanted to be "the bad guy". He was more of a friend to me and when he drank too much it could turn bad quick. All of it is in the past and I have tried my whole life to forgive myself for my part in his death. I wanted to tell some of my story. it goes farther than this but i needed to get it out into the world.
I want to make this clear, my dad was an addict/alcoholic. He did the best he could with what he was given, even though he was asleep during this event and many others, he was clueless but now looking back as a recovering addict that it wasn't my dads fault. We trusted this man, he was a close family friend for many many years. We never thought that he would target 3 teenage girls. I thought the man really cared about me and I believed what he told me.
Years later I changed schools my sophomore year and was in a small class with 2 girls and this geeky guy. (This was the year I found out Jim died) One of the girls, lets call her Ashley was telling our science teacher how her nephews dad was in prison and had just died, he was in the for 6 years for rape. She said that the girl lied and it was sad that her nephew had to lose his dad, she said that her Aunt Jims kids mom was distraught and in shock he could ever do the things he was accused of. I knew she was talking about me, I kept it to myself. What happened happened, I can't change a thing.
This is me moving on and not being afraid to face any fear because I faced my biggest one. I will never stop healing but I can finally move on and let go. So Goodbye Jim.

Pay is the same
Option 1: Current role at MSP. 100% remote with limited growth options.
Option 2: Job with local county. Hybrid role with 3 days on site. 1 hour commute each way mostly Highway.
County job provides better benefits so take home pay will be around $800 more a month.
I am leaning toward the county job but am I underestimating just how good fully remote is? I also drive a truck so will be spending more in gas every month.

I've created the Trusted Traveler Scheduler to make life a little bit easier for all of us. Check it out here: https://github.com/everettsouthwick/trusted-traveler-scheduler
What is the Trusted Traveler Scheduler?
Trusted Traveler Scheduler is an open-source Python script that automates the process of finding available appointments at your preferred enrollment center for Global Entry, NEXUS, SENTRI, and FAST. It saves you the time and effort of manually searching for appointments on the TTP website.
Features:

• Automates appointment search for Global Entry, NEXUS, SENTRI, and FAST
• Supports multiple enrollment centers and configurable search criteria to receive notifications for appointments that are relevant to you
• Sends notifications for available appointments via Apprise, supporting a wide range of platforms such as Reddit, Discord, Signal, Telegram, and more
• Docker support

How to Get Started: 🚀

1. Clone the repository from GitHub: https://github.com/everettsouthwick/trusted-traveler-scheduler
2. Follow the detailed instructions in the README file to set up the script and configure your preferences
3. Run the script and let it do the hard work for you!

Feedback and Contributions:
I'd love to hear your feedback and suggestions to improve the Trusted Traveler Scheduler. If you're a developer and want to contribute to the project, feel free to submit a pull request or open an issue on GitHub.

Definitely can see Scoot in a Rockets uniform and honestly this is the player the Rockets need. Scoot at the 1, Jalen at the 2, move KPJ to the 3, Tari at the 4 and Sengun at the 5 you have a pretty interesting group of guys in Houston. Point guard of the future and you create a great dynamic front court duo with Scoot and Jalen.

Today 2023 I am 4 years into my recovery. I spent a lot of time covering and burying these feelings of neglect, hurt, loneliness, and hate for myself. I was addicted to crack/cocaine, I did cocaine before crack and almost hated it, it gave me the worst sinus infection and I eventually switched to meth. I was that kind of addict that could have died from the lifestyle alone. I traded my morals, self respect and care for anything I ever loved for one more hit. I failed rehab 3 times and did a little time in county. I was the only girl in county jail with the charge "prostitution." I look back now and I realize that the rehab time and all that bull shit was not for me to get better, if we are being honest if I recall one of the only reasons I went was to get out of the cold or because I had nowhere else to go. I wanted to get better but I knew deep down that I wasn't done with drugs, I admit everytime I walked into those doors of treatment my heart was not 100% on stopping drugs. I did try a few times to figure out why I turned to drugs and what was my deep core issue that I was covering up. This story explains finally why I am the way I am. Why I slept with over 20 guys by the time I was 15, including a married man. Now you can say what you want about me but I believe I was looking for love and affection. My innocence was taken from me at a very very young age and the influence I grew up around was not ideal for a kid. My mom and dad were young when they had me and now I know they got married because mom got pregnant, I think she was 19. My dad drank ALOT and he could get mentally, emotionally and physically abusive, if he got enough in him or drank whiskey. Dad has a big heart and I'm his only daughter, he is kind, generous, and a good dad.
I took a lot of time in rehab to try to uncover my issues and try to heal but I got scared and ran every time. This time was different. In 2019 I was left by a guy I depended on, we were both homeless and my stuff was in his truck. One night he decided he wasn't gonna pick me up after work and it left me no choice but to do whatever I could to survive these streets. I needed to put my ducks in a row. By the time I realized he wasn't coming it was 10pm, I needed to find a bed, food, shower maybe, and more drugs to barter with. I ran the streets for almost 2 weeks alone with no help or someone to lean on. When I met Mel, I was looking rough, I had bruises all up and down my arms and legs, I was 90lbs, I haven't eaten in a day or two, and the best part I had the clothes on my back and maybe one more outfit in my bag. I had no underwear, one bra, like no socks, it was truly ridiculous. I lost everything I ever loved and owned 2ce over. I was Finally tired, finally just done.
I met Mel in April of 2019, he was appalled when he realized how much I had lost and I still don't know what his true intentions were, maybe it was to help me or maybe it was to get in my pants, whatever it was I'm glad it happened. I got clean with Mels love and support, no rehab, no NA or AA, I was done and I knew I had to stop or I was gonna die.
These past 4 years I left state with Mel, we traveled for a bit and in this time I got to really think about what happened to me and why. It took some time for me to trust Mel and not think he was gonna leave in another state or somewhere stranded, he never did. I had nightmares, flashbacks, and bursts of anger for the first year. I really had to push through but I decided to write this story to maybe help someone that went through something similar.
I was in a relationship with a 31 yr old when I was 12-13 years old.
A little back story: When I was growing up my dad was a carefree kind and just a free spirit. He was a functional alcoholic, he would get off work and drink anywhere from a half gallon to a whole gallon of vodka a night and get up at 6am and go to work. My mom and dad got divorced when I was young so I was passed back and forth but my dads was my favorite. I was allowed to do whatever I wanted and as a teenager I took advantage of that. Dad had a lot of friends and they drank too. Dad was close to his brother and he had a few real close friends who were around everyday of my childhood for as long as I can remember. The one in particular I will never forget. I was young, I mean like maybe 7-8 when (let's call him Jim) I met Jim. He was young, good looking and had been friends with dad from work. Jim and another one of dads friends lived together so they all started hanging out at my house. I had a friend over and she was a little older that day when Jim first came to my house. She was curious about him and I don't remember much about that day but I do recall Jim laying his head on her lap while she played with his hair. She gave him those flirty eyes and they sat there and talked. Remind you even though Jim was in his late 20s and my friend was maybe 12-13 at the time. Not long after I met Jim he got into some trouble and was sent to prison for a few years.
Fast Forward>>>>>
I was 11 when I found a letter from Jim to my dad. I wasn't sure if I was even allowed to read it but I opened it up and read it anyway. I will never forget the letters that formed the word "tell wild child I said hi." I don't know why I got curious, I actually don't even know what I was thinking. I spent days thinking of the letter, I guess I was lonely, I had to have felt some type of emptiness to write him back. I was 11 writing a grown ass man in prison for pulling out a gun on some guys who robbed him. Me and Jim talked about everything, he became my best friend really quick. I don't know why but I felt comfortable talking to him and telling him things that were happening with me, my friends, my boyfriend, and my family. He talked about his wife and 2 boys, he gave advice and was just very sweet, acted like he understood me and was very genuine. I now see as an adult he was manipulating me as a child but that little girl was craving for attention. We got to know each other, we talked all the way up to the day me and my dad and my friend were with us pulled up to the house after school and there Jim was sitting on our porch, just chilling. Thats when things got confusing and fucked up. I hate telling this story. It is so hard for me to realize what he was doing to me the whole time..
I don't really wanna get into the specifics. Um.. we Got close when he got out, He touched me multiple times, and also touched my friends. He gave me a ring at one point, Jim was 31 years old and I was 13 years old. It wasn't right and I hate that it went on as long as it did. He would kiss me when my dad wasn't around and tell me he loved me. Until the night it all ended. My friend came over while Jim was there I had a boyfriend over and supposedly Jim raped her when I wasnt in the room. There were hickeys on her neck and she was partying and drinking like a rockstar when I left her. I still have no idea what happened that night we even remained friends for a long time after and she never talked about it. I confessed to her that he was doing the same shit to me as he had been touching me for almost a year. She eventually did go to the police that night and she told them about me and everything that was happening. The police charged Jim with 2 counts of sexual imposition with a minor and 1 count rape he got 6 years. I always felt so guilty for sending him to prison, I hated that I had to tell I was ashamed of what he did to me but I was a child. When Jim had 6 months left in his sentence he killed himself in prison. I still don't know if that is true, how he died but I have had to go through years of trying to accept this in my past and live life to the fullest everyday without the reminder of what Jim did to me. I still can't tell you how it affected me, I guess it did in all kinds of ways and me wanting the attention in the first place makes me wonder. Growing up with my father letting me do whatever I wanted mainly because he only had my part time and I didnt think he ever wanted to be "the bad guy". He was more of a friend to me and when he drank too much it could turn bad quick. All of it is in the past and I have tried my whole life to forgive myself for my part in his death. I wanted to tell some of my story. it goes farther than this but i needed to get it out into the world.
I want to make this clear, my dad was an addict/alcoholic. He did the best he could with what he was given, even though he was asleep during this event and many others, he was clueless but now looking back as a recovering addict that it wasn't my dads fault. We trusted this man, he was a close family friend for many many years. We never thought that he would target 3 teenage girls. I thought the man really cared about me and I believed what he told me.
Years later I changed schools my sophomore year and was in a small class with 2 girls and this geeky guy. (This was the year I found out Jim died) One of the girls, lets call her Ashley was telling our science teacher how her nephews dad was in prison and had just died, he was in the for 6 years for rape. She said that the girl lied and it was sad that her nephew had to lose his dad, she said that her Aunt Jims kids mom was distraught and in shock he could ever do the things he was accused of. I knew she was talking about me, I kept it to myself. What happened happened, I can't change a thing.
This is me moving on and not being afraid to face any fear because I faced my biggest one. I will never stop healing but I can finally move on and let go. So Goodbye Jim.

Wednesday, March 22 - Tuesday, March 28

Top videos

score	comments	title & link
333	23 comments	That'll Duehr.
150	6 comments	[Video] Backlund's 900 game milestone tribute video
108	7 comments	[Video] the half second reaction time gets me everytime
95	2 comments	[Highlights] 900 Games for Backs!
92	2 comments	[Shitpost] Meanwhile at the Stecher Household. shitpost warning
59	21 comments	[Shitpost] If this is tripping then the refs be tripping
57	14 comments	[Shitpost] I think it’s safe to say Matt goes hard.

 

Game thread comments

score	comment
159	Lord_Kromdor said Markstrom stood fucking tall throughout all that officiating bullshit.
147	BigDickHobbit said When Kelly Fucking Hrudley openly disagrees with your call, you done fucked up.
147	Douchenukem said Can't believe we had to score four goals to win 2-1.
136	DavyDogFr said Flames W, Jets L, Preds L. Inject the false hope into my veins baby
84	Comfortable-Ad-7158 said That'll Duehr.
82	Bigasspikachu said Poor Weegar loses out on a goal cause the linesman wanted to be a hero
75	thickestdolphin said I've always been a sharks fan. Always.
73	GrafNebelgeist said Even when we score at least 4 legit goals to their 1, it's still a one goal game for the Flames. What a season. The Flames have acquired the ultimate power of 'The Bison'. Can't be stopped now. Huge ...
72	Defiant-Gap-7595 said we're gonna win and we're gonna make playoffs
70	GrafNebelgeist said Nice win on Backlund's 900th! Walker Duehr is gonna be a fan favourite. Staying somewhat alive, I guess.

 

Top Non-shitposts

score	comments	title & link
557	84 comments	[Jerseys] The Pride jerseys on ice. 🏳️‍🌈
401	95 comments	[Jerseys] @NHLFlames: We're proud to reveal our 2023 Pride Night jersey, designed by local artist Megan Parker! We'll be wearing these amazing jerseys during warm-ups ahead of our Mar. 28 game vs. LA 🌈 They will be signed and auctioned off in support of the CSEC Inclusion Program!
389	93 comments	[News] Flames have signed Matt Coronato to an entry-level contract
389	44 comments	[Hype] SIGNED!
240	68 comments	[Discussion] Refs are shameless huh?
227	38 comments	[Discussion] "Pretty cool seeing how Pelletier has taken Coronato under his wing. Pelts was showing him the ropes at the morning skate - making sure he understood every drill beforehand - and was constantly chatting him up"
206	16 comments	[Nostalgia] Jarome Iginla Sketch Card I drew
182	104 comments	Seravalli: Can anyone make sense of why an $84 million playmaker is stapled to #Flames bench with 20 secs to play in one-goal game with season on the line?
166	20 comments	[Jerseys] These are 🔥
154	4 comments	[Hype] Pelts picking up Coronato from the airport.

 

Top Shitposts

score	comments	title & link
471	35 comments	[Shitpost] Stecher speaks for the people
401	27 comments	[Shitpost] Just a picture of an elated Troy Stecher with his first goal puck with the Flames; definitely not plotting your murder, strangling you with a bedsheet or anything like that.
259	36 comments	[Shitpost] They keep giving us hope
245	3 comments	[Shitpost] Excuse me while I go cry
191	4 comments	[Shitpost] Not again…
155	15 comments	[Shitpost] An interesting title
146	9 comments	[Shitpost] Flames fans currently
140	26 comments	[Shitpost] DOME. GET LOUD TONIGHT!!!!!
119	9 comments	[Shitpost] Scoronato is here!
112	7 comments	[Shitpost] The Flames needed someone to Lyft them to victory...

 

Today 2023 I am 4 years into my recovery. I spent a lot of time covering and burying these feelings of neglect, hurt, loneliness, and hate for myself. I was addicted to crack/cocaine, I did cocaine before crack and almost hated it, it gave me the worst sinus infection and I eventually switched to meth. I was that kind of addict that could have died from the lifestyle alone. I traded my morals, self respect and care for anything I ever loved for one more hit. I failed rehab 3 times and did a little time in county. I was the only girl in county jail with the charge "prostitution." I look back now and I realize that the rehab time and all that bull shit was not for me to get better, if we are being honest if I recall one of the only reasons I went was to get out of the cold or because I had nowhere else to go. I wanted to get better but I knew deep down that I wasn't done with drugs, I admit everytime I walked into those doors of treatment my heart was not 100% on stopping drugs. I did try a few times to figure out why I turned to drugs and what was my deep core issue that I was covering up. This story explains finally why I am the way I am. Why I slept with over 20 guys by the time I was 15, including a married man. Now you can say what you want about me but I believe I was looking for love and affection. My innocence was taken from me at a very very young age and the influence I grew up around was not ideal for a kid. My mom and dad were young when they had me and now I know they got married because mom got pregnant, I think she was 19. My dad drank ALOT and he could get mentally, emotionally and physically abusive, if he got enough in him or drank whiskey. Dad has a big heart and I'm his only daughter, he is kind, generous, and a good dad.
I took a lot of time in rehab to try to uncover my issues and try to heal but I got scared and ran every time. This time was different. In 2019 I was left by a guy I depended on, we were both homeless and my stuff was in his truck. One night he decided he wasn't gonna pick me up after work and it left me no choice but to do whatever I could to survive these streets. I needed to put my ducks in a row. By the time I realized he wasn't coming it was 10pm, I needed to find a bed, food, shower maybe, and more drugs to barter with. I ran the streets for almost 2 weeks alone with no help or someone to lean on. When I met Mel, I was looking rough, I had bruises all up and down my arms and legs, I was 90lbs, I haven't eaten in a day or two, and the best part I had the clothes on my back and maybe one more outfit in my bag. I had no underwear, one bra, like no socks, it was truly ridiculous. I lost everything I ever loved and owned 2ce over. I was Finally tired, finally just done.
I met Mel in April of 2019, he was appalled when he realized how much I had lost and I still don't know what his true intentions were, maybe it was to help me or maybe it was to get in my pants, whatever it was I'm glad it happened. I got clean with Mels love and support, no rehab, no NA or AA, I was done and I knew I had to stop or I was gonna die.
These past 4 years I left state with Mel, we traveled for a bit and in this time I got to really think about what happened to me and why. It took some time for me to trust Mel and not think he was gonna leave in another state or somewhere stranded, he never did. I had nightmares, flashbacks, and bursts of anger for the first year. I really had to push through but I decided to write this story to maybe help someone that went through something similar.
I was in a relationship with a 31 yr old when I was 12-13 years old.
A little back story: When I was growing up my dad was a carefree kind and just a free spirit. He was a functional alcoholic, he would get off work and drink anywhere from a half gallon to a whole gallon of vodka a night and get up at 6am and go to work. My mom and dad got divorced when I was young so I was passed back and forth but my dads was my favorite. I was allowed to do whatever I wanted and as a teenager I took advantage of that. Dad had a lot of friends and they drank too. Dad was close to his brother and he had a few real close friends who were around everyday of my childhood for as long as I can remember. The one in particular I will never forget. I was young, I mean like maybe 7-8 when (let's call him Jim) I met Jim. He was young, good looking and had been friends with dad from work. Jim and another one of dads friends lived together so they all started hanging out at my house. I had a friend over and she was a little older that day when Jim first came to my house. She was curious about him and I don't remember much about that day but I do recall Jim laying his head on her lap while she played with his hair. She gave him those flirty eyes and they sat there and talked. Remind you even though Jim was in his late 20s and my friend was maybe 12-13 at the time. Not long after I met Jim he got into some trouble and was sent to prison for a few years.
Fast Forward>>>>>
I was 11 when I found a letter from Jim to my dad. I wasn't sure if I was even allowed to read it but I opened it up and read it anyway. I will never forget the letters that formed the word "tell wild child I said hi." I don't know why I got curious, I actually don't even know what I was thinking. I spent days thinking of the letter, I guess I was lonely, I had to have felt some type of emptiness to write him back. I was 11 writing a grown ass man in prison for pulling out a gun on some guys who robbed him. Me and Jim talked about everything, he became my best friend really quick. I don't know why but I felt comfortable talking to him and telling him things that were happening with me, my friends, my boyfriend, and my family. He talked about his wife and 2 boys, he gave advice and was just very sweet, acted like he understood me and was very genuine. I now see as an adult he was manipulating me as a child but that little girl was craving for attention. We got to know each other, we talked all the way up to the day me and my dad and my friend were with us pulled up to the house after school and there Jim was sitting on our porch, just chilling. Thats when things got confusing and fucked up. I hate telling this story. It is so hard for me to realize what he was doing to me the whole time..
I don't really wanna get into the specifics. Um.. we Got close when he got out, He touched me multiple times, and also touched my friends. He gave me a ring at one point, Jim was 31 years old and I was 13 years old. It wasn't right and I hate that it went on as long as it did. He would kiss me when my dad wasn't around and tell me he loved me. Until the night it all ended. My friend came over while Jim was there I had a boyfriend over and supposedly Jim raped her when I wasnt in the room. There were hickeys on her neck and she was partying and drinking like a rockstar when I left her. I still have no idea what happened that night we even remained friends for a long time after and she never talked about it. I confessed to her that he was doing the same shit to me as he had been touching me for almost a year. She eventually did go to the police that night and she told them about me and everything that was happening. The police charged Jim with 2 counts of sexual imposition with a minor and 1 count rape he got 6 years. I always felt so guilty for sending him to prison, I hated that I had to tell I was ashamed of what he did to me but I was a child. When Jim had 6 months left in his sentence he killed himself in prison. I still don't know if that is true, how he died but I have had to go through years of trying to accept this in my past and live life to the fullest everyday without the reminder of what Jim did to me. I still can't tell you how it affected me, I guess it did in all kinds of ways and me wanting the attention in the first place makes me wonder. Growing up with my father letting me do whatever I wanted mainly because he only had my part time and I didnt think he ever wanted to be "the bad guy". He was more of a friend to me and when he drank too much it could turn bad quick. All of it is in the past and I have tried my whole life to forgive myself for my part in his death. I wanted to tell some of my story. it goes farther than this but i needed to get it out into the world.
I want to make this clear, my dad was an addict/alcoholic. He did the best he could with what he was given, even though he was asleep during this event and many others, he was clueless but now looking back as a recovering addict that it wasn't my dads fault. We trusted this man, he was a close family friend for many many years. We never thought that he would target 3 teenage girls. I thought the man really cared about me and I believed what he told me.
Years later I changed schools my sophomore year and was in a small class with 2 girls and this geeky guy. (This was the year I found out Jim died) One of the girls, lets call her Ashley was telling our science teacher how her nephews dad was in prison and had just died, he was in the for 6 years for rape. She said that the girl lied and it was sad that her nephew had to lose his dad, she said that her Aunt Jims kids mom was distraught and in shock he could ever do the things he was accused of. I knew she was talking about me, I kept it to myself. What happened happened, I can't change a thing.
This is me moving on and not being afraid to face any fear because I faced my biggest one. I will never stop healing but I can finally move on and let go. So Goodbye Jim.

So I am planning on retaking the State Bar Exam this July and I want to make an RPG to help me memorize area's of law.
I realize this might be the wrong game structure for it but I thought I'd try.
Much of the bar exam for those who do not know is memorizing the general rule of law. For example the applicant is responsible for knowing that "Assault is an intentional Act by the defendant that creates a reasonable apprehension in the plaintiff of an immediate harmful or offensive contact".
And then many exceptions based on different situations that either allow the "elements" of assault to be satisfied or exceptions that prevent the event from being an assault.
I hope that is clear.
Half of the Exam is multiple choice questions with an event or situation with a maybe one or several potential legal issues and then we get multiple choice questions about what will happen given the law that applies.(Sometimes I think these try to be "tricky" and are not as straight forward as they sound).
Another half is written essay's which usually has the following format, applicants are given a situation, a client coming to you with a problem being the most common, that the applicant is expected to write an essay about the legal issues surrounding it using the format, "Issue, Rule, Explanation, Conclusion(IRAC)" Issue is the identification of the most important legal question that needs to be answered from the situation. Rule is pulled from the applicant's memory about the relevant legal rule. Explanation is the section where the applicant must pair the relevant issues from the situation and the different "elements" or "factors" that the rule needs to apply to the situation, and giving an explanation of why or why not an issue applies to the relevant "element" or "factors" of law. The Conclusion is the easiest piece is usually just a quick sentence Z law applies because of X and Y.
Ok that was a lot.
But with that out of the way, the ideas I had was somehow treating gathering the "elements" or "factors" as components for spellcasting that is needed to cast the spell.
I'm thinking I recite it verbally I have 1:30 minutes(the time per multiple choice question) if I get it correct. I cast the spell.
If I'm wrong I take damage for that "source" so in this example we'll say criminal law. If i get 3 wrong from criminal law, I have to take a break. In order to recover he break I have to write out the rules I missed.
Just the first Idea I had. I am willing to tear it up.
I am open to any idea's including if I'm crazy and need to rethink my life.

Today 2023 I am 4 years into my recovery. I spent a lot of time covering and burying these feelings of neglect, hurt, loneliness, and hate for myself. I was addicted to crack/cocaine, I did cocaine before crack and almost hated it, it gave me the worst sinus infection and I eventually switched to meth. I was that kind of addict that could have died from the lifestyle alone. I traded my morals, self respect and care for anything I ever loved for one more hit. I failed rehab 3 times and did a little time in county. I was the only girl in county jail with the charge "prostitution." I look back now and I realize that the rehab time and all that bull shit was not for me to get better, if we are being honest if I recall one of the only reasons I went was to get out of the cold or because I had nowhere else to go. I wanted to get better but I knew deep down that I wasn't done with drugs, I admit everytime I walked into those doors of treatment my heart was not 100% on stopping drugs. I did try a few times to figure out why I turned to drugs and what was my deep core issue that I was covering up. This story explains finally why I am the way I am. Why I slept with over 20 guys by the time I was 15, including a married man. Now you can say what you want about me but I believe I was looking for love and affection. My innocence was taken from me at a very very young age and the influence I grew up around was not ideal for a kid. My mom and dad were young when they had me and now I know they got married because mom got pregnant, I think she was 19. My dad drank ALOT and he could get mentally, emotionally and physically abusive, if he got enough in him or drank whiskey. Dad has a big heart and I'm his only daughter, he is kind, generous, and a good dad.
I took a lot of time in rehab to try to uncover my issues and try to heal but I got scared and ran every time. This time was different. In 2019 I was left by a guy I depended on, we were both homeless and my stuff was in his truck. One night he decided he wasn't gonna pick me up after work and it left me no choice but to do whatever I could to survive these streets. I needed to put my ducks in a row. By the time I realized he wasn't coming it was 10pm, I needed to find a bed, food, shower maybe, and more drugs to barter with. I ran the streets for almost 2 weeks alone with no help or someone to lean on. When I met Mel, I was looking rough, I had bruises all up and down my arms and legs, I was 90lbs, I haven't eaten in a day or two, and the best part I had the clothes on my back and maybe one more outfit in my bag. I had no underwear, one bra, like no socks, it was truly ridiculous. I lost everything I ever loved and owned 2ce over. I was Finally tired, finally just done.
I met Mel in April of 2019, he was appalled when he realized how much I had lost and I still don't know what his true intentions were, maybe it was to help me or maybe it was to get in my pants, whatever it was I'm glad it happened. I got clean with Mels love and support, no rehab, no NA or AA, I was done and I knew I had to stop or I was gonna die.
These past 4 years I left state with Mel, we traveled for a bit and in this time I got to really think about what happened to me and why. It took some time for me to trust Mel and not think he was gonna leave in another state or somewhere stranded, he never did. I had nightmares, flashbacks, and bursts of anger for the first year. I really had to push through but I decided to write this story to maybe help someone that went through something similar.
I was in a relationship with a 31 yr old when I was 12-13 years old.
A little back story: When I was growing up my dad was a carefree kind and just a free spirit. He was a functional alcoholic, he would get off work and drink anywhere from a half gallon to a whole gallon of vodka a night and get up at 6am and go to work. My mom and dad got divorced when I was young so I was passed back and forth but my dads was my favorite. I was allowed to do whatever I wanted and as a teenager I took advantage of that. Dad had a lot of friends and they drank too. Dad was close to his brother and he had a few real close friends who were around everyday of my childhood for as long as I can remember. The one in particular I will never forget. I was young, I mean like maybe 7-8 when (let's call him Jim) I met Jim. He was young, good looking and had been friends with dad from work. Jim and another one of dads friends lived together so they all started hanging out at my house. I had a friend over and she was a little older that day when Jim first came to my house. She was curious about him and I don't remember much about that day but I do recall Jim laying his head on her lap while she played with his hair. She gave him those flirty eyes and they sat there and talked. Remind you even though Jim was in his late 20s and my friend was maybe 12-13 at the time. Not long after I met Jim he got into some trouble and was sent to prison for a few years.
Fast Forward>>>>>
I was 11 when I found a letter from Jim to my dad. I wasn't sure if I was even allowed to read it but I opened it up and read it anyway. I will never forget the letters that formed the word "tell wild child I said hi." I don't know why I got curious, I actually don't even know what I was thinking. I spent days thinking of the letter, I guess I was lonely, I had to have felt some type of emptiness to write him back. I was 11 writing a grown ass man in prison for pulling out a gun on some guys who robbed him. Me and Jim talked about everything, he became my best friend really quick. I don't know why but I felt comfortable talking to him and telling him things that were happening with me, my friends, my boyfriend, and my family. He talked about his wife and 2 boys, he gave advice and was just very sweet, acted like he understood me and was very genuine. I now see as an adult he was manipulating me as a child but that little girl was craving for attention. We got to know each other, we talked all the way up to the day me and my dad and my friend were with us pulled up to the house after school and there Jim was sitting on our porch, just chilling. Thats when things got confusing and fucked up. I hate telling this story. It is so hard for me to realize what he was doing to me the whole time..
I don't really wanna get into the specifics. Um.. we Got close when he got out, He touched me multiple times, and also touched my friends. He gave me a ring at one point, Jim was 31 years old and I was 13 years old. It wasn't right and I hate that it went on as long as it did. He would kiss me when my dad wasn't around and tell me he loved me. Until the night it all ended. My friend came over while Jim was there I had a boyfriend over and supposedly Jim raped her when I wasnt in the room. There were hickeys on her neck and she was partying and drinking like a rockstar when I left her. I still have no idea what happened that night we even remained friends for a long time after and she never talked about it. I confessed to her that he was doing the same shit to me as he had been touching me for almost a year. She eventually did go to the police that night and she told them about me and everything that was happening. The police charged Jim with 2 counts of sexual imposition with a minor and 1 count rape he got 6 years. I always felt so guilty for sending him to prison, I hated that I had to tell I was ashamed of what he did to me but I was a child. When Jim had 6 months left in his sentence he killed himself in prison. I still don't know if that is true, how he died but I have had to go through years of trying to accept this in my past and live life to the fullest everyday without the reminder of what Jim did to me. I still can't tell you how it affected me, I guess it did in all kinds of ways and me wanting the attention in the first place makes me wonder. Growing up with my father letting me do whatever I wanted mainly because he only had my part time and I didnt think he ever wanted to be "the bad guy". He was more of a friend to me and when he drank too much it could turn bad quick. All of it is in the past and I have tried my whole life to forgive myself for my part in his death. I wanted to tell some of my story. it goes farther than this but i needed to get it out into the world.
I want to make this clear, my dad was an addict/alcoholic. He did the best he could with what he was given, even though he was asleep during this event and many others, he was clueless but now looking back as a recovering addict that it wasn't my dads fault. We trusted this man, he was a close family friend for many many years. We never thought that he would target 3 teenage girls. I thought the man really cared about me and I believed what he told me.
Years later I changed schools my sophomore year and was in a small class with 2 girls and this geeky guy. (This was the year I found out Jim died) One of the girls, lets call her Ashley was telling our science teacher how her nephews dad was in prison and had just died, he was in the for 6 years for rape. She said that the girl lied and it was sad that her nephew had to lose his dad, she said that her Aunt Jims kids mom was distraught and in shock he could ever do the things he was accused of. I knew she was talking about me, I kept it to myself. What happened happened, I can't change a thing.
This is me moving on and not being afraid to face any fear because I faced my biggest one. I will never stop healing but I can finally move on and let go. So Goodbye Jim.

Today 2023 I am 4 years into my recovery. I spent a lot of time covering and burying these feelings of neglect, hurt, loneliness, and hate for myself. I was addicted to crack/cocaine, I did cocaine before crack and almost hated it, it gave me the worst sinus infection and I eventually switched to meth. I was that kind of addict that could have died from the lifestyle alone. I traded my morals, self respect and care for anything I ever loved for one more hit. I failed rehab 3 times and did a little time in county. I was the only girl in county jail with the charge "prostitution." I look back now and I realize that the rehab time and all that bull shit was not for me to get better, if we are being honest if I recall one of the only reasons I went was to get out of the cold or because I had nowhere else to go. I wanted to get better but I knew deep down that I wasn't done with drugs, I admit everytime I walked into those doors of treatment my heart was not 100% on stopping drugs. I did try a few times to figure out why I turned to drugs and what was my deep core issue that I was covering up. This story explains finally why I am the way I am. Why I slept with over 20 guys by the time I was 15, including a married man. Now you can say what you want about me but I believe I was looking for love and affection. My innocence was taken from me at a very very young age and the influence I grew up around was not ideal for a kid. My mom and dad were young when they had me and now I know they got married because mom got pregnant, I think she was 19. My dad drank ALOT and he could get mentally, emotionally and physically abusive, if he got enough in him or drank whiskey. Dad has a big heart and I'm his only daughter, he is kind, generous, and a good dad.
I took a lot of time in rehab to try to uncover my issues and try to heal but I got scared and ran every time. This time was different. In 2019 I was left by a guy I depended on, we were both homeless and my stuff was in his truck. One night he decided he wasn't gonna pick me up after work and it left me no choice but to do whatever I could to survive these streets. I needed to put my ducks in a row. By the time I realized he wasn't coming it was 10pm, I needed to find a bed, food, shower maybe, and more drugs to barter with. I ran the streets for almost 2 weeks alone with no help or someone to lean on. When I met Mel, I was looking rough, I had bruises all up and down my arms and legs, I was 90lbs, I haven't eaten in a day or two, and the best part I had the clothes on my back and maybe one more outfit in my bag. I had no underwear, one bra, like no socks, it was truly ridiculous. I lost everything I ever loved and owned 2ce over. I was Finally tired, finally just done.
I met Mel in April of 2019, he was appalled when he realized how much I had lost and I still don't know what his true intentions were, maybe it was to help me or maybe it was to get in my pants, whatever it was I'm glad it happened. I got clean with Mels love and support, no rehab, no NA or AA, I was done and I knew I had to stop or I was gonna die.
These past 4 years I left state with Mel, we traveled for a bit and in this time I got to really think about what happened to me and why. It took some time for me to trust Mel and not think he was gonna leave in another state or somewhere stranded, he never did. I had nightmares, flashbacks, and bursts of anger for the first year. I really had to push through but I decided to write this story to maybe help someone that went through something similar.
I was in a relationship with a 31 yr old when I was 12-13 years old.
A little back story: When I was growing up my dad was a carefree kind and just a free spirit. He was a functional alcoholic, he would get off work and drink anywhere from a half gallon to a whole gallon of vodka a night and get up at 6am and go to work. My mom and dad got divorced when I was young so I was passed back and forth but my dads was my favorite. I was allowed to do whatever I wanted and as a teenager I took advantage of that. Dad had a lot of friends and they drank too. Dad was close to his brother and he had a few real close friends who were around everyday of my childhood for as long as I can remember. The one in particular I will never forget. I was young, I mean like maybe 7-8 when (let's call him Jim) I met Jim. He was young, good looking and had been friends with dad from work. Jim and another one of dads friends lived together so they all started hanging out at my house. I had a friend over and she was a little older that day when Jim first came to my house. She was curious about him and I don't remember much about that day but I do recall Jim laying his head on her lap while she played with his hair. She gave him those flirty eyes and they sat there and talked. Remind you even though Jim was in his late 20s and my friend was maybe 12-13 at the time. Not long after I met Jim he got into some trouble and was sent to prison for a few years.
Fast Forward>>>>>
I was 11 when I found a letter from Jim to my dad. I wasn't sure if I was even allowed to read it but I opened it up and read it anyway. I will never forget the letters that formed the word "tell wild child I said hi." I don't know why I got curious, I actually don't even know what I was thinking. I spent days thinking of the letter, I guess I was lonely, I had to have felt some type of emptiness to write him back. I was 11 writing a grown ass man in prison for pulling out a gun on some guys who robbed him. Me and Jim talked about everything, he became my best friend really quick. I don't know why but I felt comfortable talking to him and telling him things that were happening with me, my friends, my boyfriend, and my family. He talked about his wife and 2 boys, he gave advice and was just very sweet, acted like he understood me and was very genuine. I now see as an adult he was manipulating me as a child but that little girl was craving for attention. We got to know each other, we talked all the way up to the day me and my dad and my friend were with us pulled up to the house after school and there Jim was sitting on our porch, just chilling. Thats when things got confusing and fucked up. I hate telling this story. It is so hard for me to realize what he was doing to me the whole time..
I don't really wanna get into the specifics. Um.. we Got close when he got out, He touched me multiple times, and also touched my friends. He gave me a ring at one point, Jim was 31 years old and I was 13 years old. It wasn't right and I hate that it went on as long as it did. He would kiss me when my dad wasn't around and tell me he loved me. Until the night it all ended. My friend came over while Jim was there I had a boyfriend over and supposedly Jim raped her when I wasnt in the room. There were hickeys on her neck and she was partying and drinking like a rockstar when I left her. I still have no idea what happened that night we even remained friends for a long time after and she never talked about it. I confessed to her that he was doing the same shit to me as he had been touching me for almost a year. She eventually did go to the police that night and she told them about me and everything that was happening. The police charged Jim with 2 counts of sexual imposition with a minor and 1 count rape he got 6 years. I always felt so guilty for sending him to prison, I hated that I had to tell I was ashamed of what he did to me but I was a child. When Jim had 6 months left in his sentence he killed himself in prison. I still don't know if that is true, how he died but I have had to go through years of trying to accept this in my past and live life to the fullest everyday without the reminder of what Jim did to me. I still can't tell you how it affected me, I guess it did in all kinds of ways and me wanting the attention in the first place makes me wonder. Growing up with my father letting me do whatever I wanted mainly because he only had my part time and I didnt think he ever wanted to be "the bad guy". He was more of a friend to me and when he drank too much it could turn bad quick. All of it is in the past and I have tried my whole life to forgive myself for my part in his death. I wanted to tell some of my story. it goes farther than this but i needed to get it out into the world.
I want to make this clear, my dad was an addict/alcoholic. He did the best he could with what he was given, even though he was asleep during this event and many others, he was clueless but now looking back as a recovering addict that it wasn't my dads fault. We trusted this man, he was a close family friend for many many years. We never thought that he would target 3 teenage girls. I thought the man really cared about me and I believed what he told me.
Years later I changed schools my sophomore year and was in a small class with 2 girls and this geeky guy. (This was the year I found out Jim died) One of the girls, lets call her Ashley was telling our science teacher how her nephews dad was in prison and had just died, he was in the for 6 years for rape. She said that the girl lied and it was sad that her nephew had to lose his dad, she said that her Aunt Jims kids mom was distraught and in shock he could ever do the things he was accused of. I knew she was talking about me, I kept it to myself. What happened happened, I can't change a thing.
This is me moving on and not being afraid to face any fear because I faced my biggest one. I will never stop healing but I can finally move on and let go. So Goodbye Jim.

So I am planning on retaking the State Bar Exam this July and I want to make an RPG to help me memorize area's of law.
I realize this might be the wrong game structure for it but I thought I'd try.
Much of the bar exam for those who do not know is memorizing the general rule of law. For example the applicant is responsible for knowing that "Assault is an intentional Act by the defendant that creates a reasonable apprehension in the plaintiff of an immediate harmful or offensive contact".
And then many exceptions based on different situations that either allow the "elements" of assault to be satisfied or exceptions that prevent the event from being an assault.
I hope that is clear.
Half of the Exam is multiple choice questions with an event or situation with a maybe one or several potential legal issues and then we get multiple choice questions about what will happen given the law that applies.(Sometimes I think these try to be "tricky" and are not as straight forward as they sound).
Another half is written essay's which usually has the following format, applicants are given a situation, a client coming to you with a problem being the most common, that the applicant is expected to write an essay about the legal issues surrounding it using the format, "Issue, Rule, Explanation, Conclusion(IRAC)" Issue is the identification of the most important legal question that needs to be answered from the situation. Rule is pulled from the applicant's memory about the relevant legal rule. Explanation is the section where the applicant must pair the relevant issues from the situation and the different "elements" or "factors" that the rule needs to apply to the situation, and giving an explanation of why or why not an issue applies to the relevant "element" or "factors" of law. The Conclusion is the easiest piece is usually just a quick sentence Z law applies because of X and Y.
Ok that was a lot.
But with that out of the way, the ideas I had was somehow treating gathering the "elements" or "factors" as components for spellcasting that is needed to cast the spell.
I'm thinking I recite it verbally I have 1:30 minutes(the time per multiple choice question) if I get it correct. I cast the spell.
If I'm wrong I take damage for that "source" so in this example we'll say criminal law. If i get 3 wrong from criminal law, I have to take a break. In order to recover he break I have to write out the rules I missed.
Just the first Idea I had. I am willing to tear it up.
I am open to any idea's including if I'm crazy and need to rethink my life.

O GRANDE CLICHÊ COPERNICANO

Bom dia pessoal,
Traduzo um artigo que julgo interessante para todos, ateus e religiosos, “The great Copernican cliche” \[O grande clichê Copernicano\], de Dennis R. Danielson. Cheguei até ele por acaso, estava procurando um artigo citado como referência, ‘‘Geocentrism as a Humiliation for Man,” [Geocentrismo como a humilhação da humanidade], de um grande intelectual, Rémi Braque, que, aliás, têm uma história do ateísmo concisa e interessantíssima que um dia, sobrando-me tempo e faltando-me vagabundagem, pretendo trazer aqui. É o tipo de artigo que eu gosto, informativo, que não busca convencer, buscando aquilo que nos une enquanto buscadores da verdade e não aquilo que nos separa \[nossas posições de, ora religiosos, ora ateus\].
sei que o texto já é longo, mas não resistirei em fazer alguns apontamentos. O caso do “clichê” de Copérnico é sintomático da perda da visão simbólica, que podemos rastrear até Galileu \[mas que, por sua vez, Galileo é, igualmente, causa e sintoma, 1 de Abril eu começo minhas férias, parece mentira, e tentarei traduzir e explicitar melhor o porquê disso aqui\]. É pressuposto, justamente por isso, que se perca a noção real do que aconteceu (pois a mesma envolveria o conhecimento simbólico), gerando a criação de ficções que se espalharam, e isso eu acrescentaria às pertinentes observações de Dennis R. Danielson \[ou seja, esse clichê é, justamente, uma dessas ficções, surgidas pela perda da cosmovisão antiga, das condições de sua inteligibilidade\]. Por outro lado, como veremos no hino de Copérnico, ele mesmo pode ter iniciado, sem querer, a inversão do eixo axiológico (quanto ao valor) da centralidade, relendo em português noto que Dennis insinuou isso, o mesmo quanto a Kepler. De toda forma, como citei no último post, o livro “*The Crisis of the Religious Symbolism*”, a crise do simbolismo religioso, de Jean Borella, parece-me fundamental para entender esse imbróglio.
Pode-se dizer que não há de simbolismo envolvido, que a ausência de sentido da centralidade, de qualquer forma e por si mesma, agride a visão espiritual, como encontramos na física mais recente, onde a noção de centro não faz sentido. Essa leitura também está equivocada. Pois o próprio infinito se harmoniza com a visão simbólica, traduzo brevemente um trecho de Jean Borella no livro supracitado: “Em seu artigo ''L'infini pascalien'', Magnard aponta quão diferentes são as reações de Nicolau de Cusa e Pascal quando confrontados com a infinitude do universo. Para o cardeal, "*O universo (infinito) é uma figura da superabundância de Deus, que uma pessoa, onde quer que se encontre, experimenta como uma espécie de júbilo*" (3). "*Quando Pascal chora que 'o silêncio eterno desses espaços infinitos o aterroriza', ele está apenas expressando a sensação de vazio deixada pelo afastamento de Deus?*” (p. 4). O motivo dessa diferença é que Galileu e a negação do mundo teofânico estão entre eles. Nós não achamos que Pascal está expressando seu sentimento pessoal aqui, mas a de qualquer pessoa ciente de as consequências cosmológicas da revolução galiléia: cf. infra, 85-86, nn 1, 3.”
De toda forma, digressões a parte, a situação que nos encontramos [ateus e religiosos] não é a de dois logicistas analisando a lógica de um argumento onde ambos, compartilhando das mesmas premissas, buscam formalizá-lo perfeitamente, como se tratassem da mesma ciência, como se fossem dois físicos lidando com uma questão técnica. Mas é, ao contrário, uma situação cujo modelo mais exato seria etnológico, como o encontro e o diálogo de duas cosmovisões, duas culturas, que são diversas, falam duas linguagens, lidando com significados diversos. Como se um biólogo tentasse conversar com um físico quântico, ou um grego antigo com um sertanejo.
A lógica, e aqui creio que muitos se equivocam, não é um ponto arquimédico de comparação, antes, se fundamenta [a lógica] em premissas intuitivas que, por sua própria natureza, são indemonstráveis, pois sempre chegará um momento em que diremos, “isso é assim, pois simplesmente é assim” [que são as premissas, os princípios primeiros, indemonstráveis]. A lógica se sustenta nas premissas, elas mesmas indemonstráveis, muitas vezes as premissas se sustentam em ficções, a questão da inteligência é, intuitivamente, criticar as ficções, aprendendo a realidade das premissas e, após, refletir, formalizar o discurso.
Essa visão epistemológica [sobre o conhecimento] é, de certa forma, uma psicologia da suspeita, não sem uma dose salutar de ceticismo [quem me acompanha sabe como ressalto as ficções, as autointerpretações, como nocivas e, mesmo assim, hegemônicas, tanto no lado dos ateus, tanto no dos religiosos] e, ao mesmo tempo, privilegio a intuição, o que é típico da cosmovisão clássica.
É necessário, portanto, não discussão ou formalismo lógico, mas justiça e, para realizar a comparação, a própria intuição, abertura para essa outra realidade, mesmo que a achemos consistir, meramente, em ficções culturais (caso seja uma ilusão a cosmovisão tradicional e as religiões). A justiça se relaciona ao não falseamento da outra posição e o reconhecimento da ocultação/revelação de Deus, ou seja, a dificuldade intrínseca de sua apreensão para a humanidade (o que os religiosos devem admitir, não é fácil conhecer Deus). Ser justo, porém, não é tratar igualmente ambas as visões (a antiga e a moderna), de fato, cada um julga sua cosmovisão superior, e dar à cada um o que lhe cabe é a dificuldade própria da justiça.
A lógica, assim como a ciência empírica, não prova “de uma vez por todas” [e não é necessário ser um grande historiador da ciência, da filosofia ou da lógica para percebê-lo, aliás, não existe nenhuma prova “de uma vez por todas” fora da apreensão vital e concreta de cada indivíduo em busca da verdade], mas, são as ciências empíricas e a lógica instrumentos formais/heurísticos, de descoberta e interpretação, essa é a estrutura delas enquanto método [o que “prova”, se quisermos dizer assim, é a apreensão intuitiva de uma autoevidência que a lógica torna explicita, mas que, mesmo assim, as pessoas podem encontrar argumentos para duvidarem, a intuição é o espírito do que, na lógica, é a letra morta, parafraseando o texto bíblico]. Então, por que discutimos utilizando-se de duas coisas que, em si mesmas, não possuem essa natureza definitiva? [pois sempre discutimos em torno da ciência e da lógica].
Tudo, então, está invertido, ao invés de aprendermos a outra cosmovisão, entendermos suas premissas, aquilo que ela quer dizer, para depois formalizar, o que pode ser feito de diversas formas diferentes, por diversas linhas argumentativas [de fato, é uma falácia dizer que algo está errado porque uma determinada formulação é ilógica ou falaciosa, o que se espera é que uma verdade possua alguma formulação lógica, mas não é necessário que a pessoa a conheça, e nem toda verdade possui essa formulação, a depender de como pensamos as premissas, que, por definição, não são formuláveis]. Mas não, buscam primeiro um ARGUMENTO IRREFUTÁVEL para, supostamente, depois começarem a estudar a cosmovisão e a premissa do outro, mas isso é estritamente impossível, e a razão é simples, pois justamente as premissas são diferentes, e jamais será considerado um argumento irrefutável e, igualmente, não sendo movidos por argumentos tais, jamais estudarão a outra visão, a única coisa que permitiria que fossemos justos na avaliação. Enfim, a mania de ser lógico é, às vezes, simplesmente um costume bárbaro para ignorar, é uma medida sanitária.
Bem, falei demais. Espero que o artigo traga algo de interessante para alguém. Um grande abraço. [Não traduzi as referências por preguiça, o texto com as referências pode ser encontrado em https://pt.scribd.com/document/374829717/76333308-The-Great-Copernican-Cliche-Daniel-Son-2001-pdf]
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O GRANDE CLICHÊ COPERNICANO

Por Dennis R. Danielson

Departamento de Inglês, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canadá (Recebido em 20 de março de 2001; aceito em 11 de abril de 2001)
RESUMO: Por mais de três séculos, cientistas, historiadores e divulgadores da ciência têm repetido a afirmação de que Copérnico “destronou” a Terra de sua posição central “privilegiada” no universo. No entanto, uma pesquisa da filosofia natural pré-copernicana (que via a Terra como localizada em uma fossa cósmica) e do próprio relato dos copernicanos sobre o significado axiológico da nova astronomia heliocêntrica (que exaltava a terra à dança das estrelas) demonstra que o clichê sobre o "rebaixamento" da Terra é injustificado e deve ser descartado. © 2001 Associação Americana de Professores de Física.
u/DOI: 10.1119/1.1379734#
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I. INTRODUÇÃO: A NECESSIDADE DO TRABALHO DE ZELADORIA

A principal preocupação deste artigo é o tipo de coisa que acontece com alguma teoria física perfeitamente boa quando ela é interpretada, seja por especialistas ou por divulgadores, de maneira pouco rigorosa ou desinformada para significar algo que não significa. Um exemplo familiar desse fenômeno é como a teoria da relatividade einsteiniana é aproveitada por aqueles que desejam, em qualquer domínio - moral, psicológico ou mesmo físico - apoiar a afirmação de que "tudo é relativo". Richard Feynman, para mencionar apenas um exemplo estelar, lidou de forma seca e decisiva com o que ele chama de "filósofos de coquetéis", que promovem essa interpretação da relatividade. Não há "nada mais profundo na maior parte da filosofia que se diz ter vindo da teoria da relatividade", afirma Feynman, "do que a observação de que 'uma pessoa parece diferente de frente e de costas;''' porém, de fato, no que diz respeito à física, ''não é verdade que 'tudo é relativo.'''[1]
De maneira semelhante, gostaria de convidar ao escrutínio — e, em última análise, à rejeição — do que argumentarei ser uma interpretação não trivialmente errônea de outro desenvolvimento muito anterior na física e na cosmologia: a revolução copernicana. Ao fazê-lo, tentarei, em minha função de historiador intelectual, realizar um pouco de trabalho de zeladoria que, espero, possa ser útil para a comunidade de físicos e outros. Resumindo, tentarei começar a varrer o que chamo de o grande clichê copernicano, que por um bom número de anos, até séculos, tem obstruído nossa compreensão da história da astronomia e da história em geral.
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Em sua forma mais popular, a alegação errônea que desejo enfrentar frequentemente aparece lado a lado com outra que mencionarei apenas de passagem, e apenas com referência à sua expressão além dos círculos científicos. No filme de ficção científica de Hollywood de 1997 chamado “Homens de Preto”, o personagem principal, Agente Kay, que está liderando a tentativa da humanidade de se defender contra "a escória do universo", a certa altura tenta mapear o progresso humano declarando que Há 500 anos, todos pensavam (1) que a Terra era plana e (2) que éramos o centro do universo.
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A primeira dessas duas afirmações é realmente muito fácil de descartar - pace George e Ira Gershwin, que escreveram, em uma canção popular, "Eles todos riram de Cristóvão Colombo / Quando ele disse que o mundo era redondo". Não duvido que alguns dos contemporâneos de Colombo possam ter pensado que a Terra era plana. Por outro lado, eu apostaria que, em um raio de 10 milhas de onde você mora, você poderia encontrar alguém que acredita em uma Terra plana até hoje. Se estivermos comparando pessoas educadas com pessoas educadas, no entanto, podemos mostrar prontamente como Aristóteles no quarto século a.C. ensinou que a Terra é esférica, e como Eratóstenes no início do século II a.C. desenvolveu um método para calcular, com bastante precisão, a circunferência da Terra esférica.(2)
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Mas aquela segunda afirmação do agente Kay em “Homens de Preto”, aquela sobre nós não sermos mais "o centro do universo", levará um pouco mais de esforço para colocar na lixeira - e um pouco mais de tempo - simplesmente porque ainda está tão firmemente apegado a formas comuns, respeitáveis ​​e até reputadas como científicas de pensar sobre a história da astronomia.
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Permita-me um momento de reflexão: quantas vezes você já ouviu ou leu que Copérnico destronou a humanidade removendo a Terra do centro do universo? É uma afirmação que se ouve não apenas nos filmes B de Hollywood, mas também de fontes mais respeitáveis ​​cientificamente. A maioria dos textos de ciências do ensino médio parece dizer isso, assim como muitos programas de estudos de "Astronomia 101" de nível universitário. Qualquer um que escreva sobre a história da ciência parece obrigado a dizê-lo, incluindo cientistas proeminentes que interpretam com autoridade essa história para um público mais amplo. Em 1973, em uma série de palestras públicas marcando o 500º aniversário do nascimento de Copérnico, Theodosius Dobzhansky declarou que, com Copérnico, a Terra foi "destronada de sua suposta centralidade e preeminência".(4) Talvez a mais famosa de todos, Carl Sagan descreveu o copernicanismo como o primeiro de uma série de "Grandes Rebaixamentos ... entregues ao orgulho humano". E a mesma afirmação geral continua a ser repetida ano a ano, seja em relatos populares ou nos escritos dos cientistas mais eruditos, como, por exemplo, no pronunciamento do astrônomo real da Grã-Bretanha, Sir Martin Rees: “Faz mais de 400 anos desde que Copérnico destronou a Terra da posição privilegiada que a cosmologia de Ptolomeu lhe conferia”. A Astronomical Society foi convidada a nomear uma lista dos "dez melhores" triunfos astronômicos do milênio - e colocada em 3º lugar o seguinte:
Não somos o centro do SISTEMA SOLAR (Copernicus, 1500) ... UNIVERSO (Digges, 1576) (7)
Para completar esta amostragem variada, compartilho algo que me causou particular consternação. Em outubro de 2000, a Sky & Telescope publicou uma resenha de minha própria antologia, The Book of the Cosmos. A resenha foi ilustrada com o famoso diagrama heliocêntrico do “De revolutionibus orbium caelestium” de Copérnico, acompanhado de uma legenda fornecida pelos editores da revista. Copérnico, afirmava a legenda (em parte ecoando Sagan), “foi o primeiro a empurrar a humanidade para fora de seu pedestal de ser o centro do universo”. “Tal rebaixamento celestial não caiu bem nos círculos religiosos.''(8)
Meu propósito ao citar todos esses exemplos - de pessoas que tenho em alta consideração - é ilustrar a difusão absoluta do grande clichê copernicano, que tem sido repetido com tanta frequência e por vozes tão respeitáveis ​​que agora é praticamente uma parte da mobília mental de todos. Essa, é claro, é a natureza de um clichê: é uma afirmação cuja própria frequência de repetição resulta, independentemente de sua veracidade ou falsidade, em ser repetida mais uma vez. Como esta definição admite, nem todos os clichês são necessariamente falsos. No entanto, minha tarefa de zelador aqui é tentar eliminar um clichê que é falso - e, acredito, prejudicial. O trabalho se dividirá em três momentos principais: [1] uma explicação da natureza, termos e suposições do próprio clichê; [2] um exame de algumas das características da física e da cosmologia pré-copernicanas, com ilustrações de como elas foram deturpadas ou mal compreendidas; e [3] uma visão geral de como a concepção dos próprios copernicanos sobre suas realizações vai contra as interpretações mais modernas do significado do copernicanismo. Estes serão seguidos por novas reflexões sobre a origem e o futuro do clichê. Minha suposição ao tentar essas tarefas é que, se físicos e astrônomos profissionais puderem ser alertados sobre a falácia do clichê, então, os seus dias podem estar contados.
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II. A NATUREZA DO CLICHÊ

O grande clichê copernicano tem como premissa uma equação acrítica de geocentrismo com antropocentrismo. Presume-se que, ao retirar a terra de uma localização física e geometricamente central no universo, Copérnico removeu a humanidade (anthropos), habitante desta terra, de seu lugar metafisicamente central no cosmos.
Seremos auxiliados na observação da distinção entre geocentrismo e antropocentrismo se também distinguirmos cuidadosamente entre um sentido literal e outro figurativo. Por exemplo, já estamos falando figurativamente quando dizemos que Copérnico removeu a Terra do centro do universo – pois, literalmente, a Terra não estava lá para começar e, seja qual for a localização da Terra, Copérnico não a moveu de fato! Em alguns aspectos, é claro, esse tropo é inocente o suficiente e não estou contestando, em princípio, a linguagem figurada. Mas, como tentarei mostrar em breve, corremos o risco de uma confusão séria, a menos que tenhamos cuidado ao passar do literal para o figurativo. Geocentrismo é principalmente um termo de denotação literal: a cosmologia de Ptolomeu é chamada de geocêntrica porque ele pensava que a Terra ficava literalmente, geometricamente, no centro ou no centro. Mas o antropocentrismo – como o etnocentrismo e o eurocentrismo – é um termo cuja denotação primária é figurativa e axiológica: chamar um americano de eurocêntrico é dizer que seu sistema de valores é culturalmente “centrado” no da Europa (o que quer que isso possa significar). A primeira vez que visitei Londres, Inglaterra, fui guiado por um londrino orgulhoso que me mostrou Piccadilly Circus e anunciou: ''E esse é o centro do universo.'' Ele estava, com plena consciência, falando figurativamente, e estava fazendo, talvez com um toque de autoironia, uma afirmação sobre a importância do lugar.
Agora, ao sublinhar essa distinção, é claro que não estou negando que um geocentrista também possa ser um antropocentrista. Estou simplesmente fazendo o ponto preliminar crucial de que os significados literais e figurativos não coincidem necessariamente, e que uma compreensão crítica da história do geocentrismo, bem como da rejeição do geocentrismo, deve começar observando a diferença. Em um estágio subsequente de meu argumento, apoiarei a afirmação adicional de que, para a maioria das autoridades filosóficas e astronômicas pré-copernicanas, o geocentrismo de fato não implicava e nem mesmo acompanhava reivindicações sobre a importância preeminente da Terra ou da humanidade.
Em suma, a grande preponderância de evidências que examinei sugere que a equação do geocentrismo pré e anticopernicano com o antropocentrismo, apesar da frequência com que continua a ser reafirmada, é histórica, filosófica e cientificamente insustentável. Não há, nem jamais houve no desenrolar do copernicanismo, qualquer correlação necessária entre centralidade literal, geométrica e ''centralidade'' no sentido figurado de ''importância'' ou ''proeminência''. A afirmação de um não implica a afirmação do outro, nem a negação de um implica a negação do outro.
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III. A FÍSICA DE ARISTÓTELES E O SIGNIFICADO DA LOCALIZAÇÃO DA TERRA

Antes de nos voltarmos para Copérnico e seus herdeiros imediatos, vamos revisar brevemente algumas das suposições sobre as quais repousava a cosmologia ptolomaica e pré-copernicana. Uma olhada em um aspecto da física aristotélica nos levará imediatamente a outra distinção que os intérpretes modernos muitas vezes não conseguem observar.
Já ilustrei da Sky & Telescope e do H.A.D. Notícias de como tendemos a descartar a preposição ‘‘no’’ ou ‘‘para”’ ao descrever o geocentrismo: Dizemos, ‘‘para Ptolomeu, a terra era o centro do universo.’’ Não estou apenas dividindo os cabelos aqui [NOTA DO TRADUTOR: fazer distinções desnecessárias entre as coisas quando as diferenças entre elas são tão pequenas que não são importantes]. Tecnicamente, Aristóteles e Ptolomeu não acreditavam que a Terra “era o centro do universo”. Em vez disso, o universo tinha um ponto central; e a terra (por acidente, como Aristóteles poderia ter dito, se ele falasse latim) estava localizada de tal forma que seu ponto central coincidia com o ponto central do universo. É bastante compreensível que ignoremos essa distinção ou sintamos que ela é meramente trivial, dada a nossa tendência de ler Newton de volta à física pré-newtoniana. Para Newton – e também, indiretamente, para Einstein – é a terra, a massa, que atrai os objetos para o seu próprio centro. Mas, para Aristóteles, a tendência das coisas pesadas a cair não resultava da localização de uma certa massa, mas sim da influência da própria localização, neste caso a localização central - e não quero dizer o centro da terra como tal, mas o centro, ponto. É esse lugar central em si, não um corpo maciço, que atrai coisas pesadas para si. Como diz Aristóteles no Livro 4 da Física, o próprio lugar ''exerce uma certa influência.''(11) E é apenas o facto de a terra ser composta pelo elemento mais pesado (sendo a terra mais pesada que os outros três: água, ar , e fogo, nessa ordem) que explica por que o corpo em que vivemos está imóvel no centro do universo. Nesse sentido, portanto, muito estritamente falando, não deveríamos nem mesmo chamar a cosmologia aristotélica/ptolomaica de "geocêntrica", mas algo como "centrocêntrico", embora eu não tenha grandes expectativas de que esse termo pegue.
A explicação literal e física de Aristóteles de por que a Terra está no centro do universo tem consequências profundas, consequências que quase uniformemente vão contra as interpretações implícitas no grande clichê copernicano, conforme foi disseminado ao longo das histórias da cosmologia ocidental desde o final do século XVII. Na maioria das interpretações medievais da cosmologia de Aristóteles e Ptolomeu, a posição da Terra no centro do universo era tomada como evidência não de sua importância, mas (para usar um termo ainda em circulação) de sua grosseria.(12) Uma das exposições mais claras dessa ideia é encontrado nos escritos do grande filósofo judeu Moses Maimonides (1135-1204). Depois de traçar vários paralelos entre o universo como um todo e um corpo individual, Maimônides adverte, no entanto, que existem diferenças que minam qualquer analogia simples entre macrocosmo e microcosmo. Uma dessas diferenças diz respeito ao local e à importância do centro.
“As criaturas vivas dotadas de coração o têm dentro do corpo e no meio dele; ali ela é cercada pelos órgãos que ela governa. Assim, tira proveito deles, pois eles o guardam e protegem.... O inverso ocorre no caso do Universo. A parte superior engloba as partes inferiores ... Embora influencie tudo o que está contido dentro, não é influenciado por nenhum ato ou força de qualquer ser material. Existe, porém, alguma semelhança (entre o universo e o homem) neste ponto. No corpo dos animais, os órgãos mais distantes do órgão principal são menos importantes do que os mais próximos a ele. Também no universo, quanto mais próximas as partes estão do centro, maior é sua turbidez, sua solidez, sua inércia, sua obscuridade e escuridão, porque estão mais distantes do elemento mais elevado, da fonte de luz e brilho, que move-se por si e cuja substância é a mais rarefeita e a mais simples: da esfera mais externa. Na mesma proporção em que um corpo está mais próximo desta esfera, ele deriva propriedades dela e se eleva acima das esferas abaixo dela.(13)”
Essa visão de nosso lugar no universo sustenta a advertência subsequente de Maimônides na mesma obra de que não devemos "pensar que as esferas e os anjos foram criados por nossa causa" (p. 276). Nas palavras anteriores de Proclo (412-485), ''o homem é... um 'ser distante': 'vivendo no fim do Todo, e mais distante deles (i.e., coisas reais), temos uma visão grosseira e percepção defeituosa.'''(14)
Um levantamento mais completo do pensamento árabe, judaico e cristão antigo e medieval — para o qual não há espaço suficiente aqui — reforçaria essa dimensão axiológica da cosmologia. Ascendente é a direção de melhoria e importância crescente (dentro do Cristianismo, por exemplo, o Céu está alto; Cristo ressurge da morte e entra no Céu; os espíritos dos devotos são exaltados - literalmente, "elevados ao alto" - e assim por diante). Em contraste, para baixo, em direção ao centro, é a direção da deterioração, da corrupção e da sepultura. Nesse sentido, Martianus Capella (410-439) aponta em seus escritos cosmológicos, que a terra está ''no meio e na base'' do universo.(15) Como o geógrafo árabe Al-Biruni (973–1048) declara, ''no centro da esfera da lua está a terra, e este centro é na realidade a parte mais baixa.''(16) Tomás de Aquino, o maior dos filósofos cristãos medievais, declara que, 'no universo, a terra - que todas as esferas circundam e que, quanto ao lugar, está no centro - é o mais material e o mais grosseiro (ignobilissima) de todos os corpos.''(17) Além disso, com base em uma extrapolação consistente segundo essa visão, a Idade Média concebia o inferno como sendo localizado bem no centro e, portanto, coincidente com o centro da Terra. Na Divina Comédia de Dante, portanto, encontramos o Inferno, o próprio inferno, no âmago da terra, bem no meio do qual, de acordo com a física aristotélica e também com a justiça poética, aparece Satanás: não dançando em chamas - pois o elemento de fogo pertence a outro lugar - mas congelado, imóvel, no gelo.(18)
Para resumir, a cosmologia pré-copernicana apontava não para a “centralidade” metafísica ou axiológica, mas sim para a pura grosseria da humanidade e sua morada. Nessa visão, a terra aparece como um poço universal, tanto figurativa quanto literalmente o ponto mais baixo do mundo. Como C. S. Lewis coloca, o modelo medieval não é de fato antropocêntrico, mas "antropoperiférico". Essa visão negativa abrange, finalmente, não apenas escritores árabes, judeus e cristãos antigos e medievais, mas também muitas vozes proeminentes que costumamos associar ao humanismo renascentista, tanto antes quanto depois da época de Copérnico. Giovanni Pico (1463–1494), mesmo em uma obra que adquiriu o título Oração sobre a Dignidade do Homem (1486), refere-se à nossa atual morada, a terra, como ''as partes excrementais e imundas do mundo inferior.''( 20) E um quarto de século após a publicação de De Revolutionibus, em 1568, Michel de Montaigne retoma o mesmo tema, declarando que estamos "alojados aqui na sujeira e imundície do mundo, pregados e rebitados ao pior e a parte mais morta do universo, no andar mais baixo da casa, e mais distante do arco celestial.'' (21)
Mas o que descobrimos quando nos voltamos desse rico e denso pano de fundo para o trabalho dos historiadores da ciência do século XX? Quão surpresos Pico e Montaigne podem ficar ao ler a declaração confiante de Morris Kline de que uma das “doutrinas predominantes do cristianismo” na época de Copérnico e Kepler era o “dogma reconfortante” “de que o homem estava no centro da universo; ...a principal preocupação de Deus'', e ''ator principal no palco central.''(22) Podemos evitar a conclusão de que o que realmente aparece como a visão predominante na Idade Média e além, desta terra como ''as partes excrementais e imundas do mundo inferior'' contradiz categoricamente as afirmações agora padrão de Kline e tantos outros que perpetuam esse grande clichê copernicano? Antes de chegar a essa conclusão, porém, consideremos algumas afirmações dos próprios copernicanos.
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4. COPERNICANISMO E A EXALTAÇÃO DA TERRA

Em contraste com Maimônides, Dante e Pico, o próprio Copérnico pode ser visto como “exaltando” a posição da humanidade no universo. Mais notoriamente, na carta ao Papa Paulo III com a qual ele abre De Revolutionibus, Copérnico conta como "começou a me irritar que os filósofos ... não pudessem concordar com uma teoria mais confiável sobre os movimentos do sistema do universo", que o melhor e mais ordenado Artista de todos moldou para o nosso bem (propter nos).' (23) Como Fernand Hallyn comenta em seu estudo de Copérnico e Kepler, 'se o homem é o beneficiário do mundo, sua profunda 'centralidade ' permanece, onde quer que ele esteja fisicamente localizado. ... o universo de Copérnico... permanece dessa perspectiva profundamente antropocêntrico.'' (24) O contraste com a advertência de Maimônides, mais de 300 anos antes, para não ''pensar que as esferas e os anjos foram criados por nossa causa'' dificilmente poderia ser mais claro. Ao longo do século passado, um punhado de outros estudiosos chamou a atenção, à sua maneira, para o caráter não antropocêntrico do geocentrismo medieval ou para as tendências antropocêntricas dentro do copernicanismo,(25) mas seus argumentos, por mais robustos que sejam, aparentemente simplesmente não foram registrados nem no popular nem no a mente científica erudita.
​
Portanto, vamos examinar a exaltação que o copernicanismo faz de nós e de nossa terra contra o pano de fundo das suposições medievais que já esbocei - suposições segundo as quais nos encontramos em uma espécie de poço cósmico aqui no centro do universo. Se examinarmos o registro textual do copernicanismo, podemos ver o que tanto ele quanto seus oponentes consideraram ser as implicações axiológicas de suas ideias para a questão de nossa localização cósmica. Considere primeiro a famosa carta de 1536 de Nicholas Schonberg que precede o De Revolutionibus, na qual ele encorajou Copérnico a comunicar sua cosmologia a outros estudiosos. Na cosmologia de Copérnico, Schonberg resume, "o sol ocupa o lugar mais baixo e, portanto, o lugar central no universo". Portanto central, e não o contrário. Podemos também especular que Copérnico pode ter sentido um grau considerável de constrangimento, inicialmente, ao colocar o sol neste local baixo anteriormente ocupado pela terra humilde - e talvez até mesmo que ele esteja compensando esse aparente rebaixamento do sol quando, em seu famoso "hino", ele tão poeticamente (mas também com um apelo à praticidade) descreve o restacionamento:
E eis que no meio de tudo reside o sol. Pois quem, neste templo mais bonito, colocaria esta lâmpada em outro lugar ou em um lugar melhor, de onde iluminar todas as coisas ao mesmo tempo? Pois, de fato, alguns o chamam de lanterna - e outros de mente ou governante - do universo. Hermes Trismegisto o chama de deus visível, e a Electra de Sófocles, “o observador” de todas as coisas. Verdadeiramente, o sol, como se estivesse sentado em um trono real, governa sua família de planetas enquanto eles circulam ao seu redor. (27)
Minha própria suspeita é que essa extenuante reavaliação e reforma do centro, completa com ''trono real'' (notemos o sério jogo de palavras: ''tanquam in solio regali Sol residentes...''), foi um sucesso tão deslumbrante que desde então ficamos cegos para como os predecessores de Copérnico realmente viam a localização central.
Considere outra carta, uma sobre Galileu escrita pelo cardeal Belarmino em 1615, quase 80 anos depois da de Schonberg. Belarmino aborda a questão familiar de saber se a própria Bíblia dita uma visão geocêntrica. Mas, olhando além dessa questão e tendo em mente as evidentes implicações não elogiosas do geocentrismo para o status da terra, notamos como elas infundem a linguagem de Belarmino. Tanto os Pais da Igreja quanto os comentaristas modernos das Escrituras, diz Belarmino, concordam “na interpretação literal de que o sol está no céu e gira em torno da terra com grande velocidade, e que a terra está muito longe do céu e fica imóvel no centro do mundo.''(28) Certamente ''muito longe do céu'' está muito longe de evocar qualquer imagem de um trono ou pedestal! Linguagem semelhante é repetida por Galileu no que parece ser sua resposta a Belarmino. Aqui Galileu defende uma leitura menos literal: “No que diz respeito a colocar o sol no céu e a terra fora dele, como a Escritura parece afirmar, etc., isso realmente me parece ser uma simples percepção nossa e uma maneira de falar. Apenas para nossa conveniência.''(29)
A partir desta e de outras correspondências, fica claro que Galileu está interessado em derrubar não a própria Escritura, mas sim uma interpretação aristotélica obstinada dela. E uma das coisas sobre essa interpretação que ele mina é precisamente o status de isolamento cosmicamente descomplicado que Aristóteles e os seguidores de Ptolomeu atribuem à Terra. Em contraste, a versão de Galileu do copernicanismo promove a terra e seus habitantes a um papel de participação e reciprocidade dentro do esquema cósmico. Por exemplo, em Sidereus Nuncius (1610), Galileu apresenta explicitamente seu relato do brilho da terra - de como a terra envia luz para a lua assim como a lua brilha sobre a terra - como implicando comunidade e comércio entre esses dois corpos celestes, como de fato entre dois corpos celestes, ''A terra, com troca justa e grata, devolve à lua uma iluminação como a que recebe da lua.''(30) Além disso, Galileu escreve, este relato milita contra ''aqueles que afirmam, principalmente com base em que não tem movimento nem luz, que a terra deve ser excluída da dança das estrelas. Pois ... a terra tem movimento, ... ela supera a lua em brilho, e ... não é a fossa onde a sujeira e as coisas efêmeras do universo se acumulam.''(31)
A mesma ideia é repetida com grande força e clareza mais de 20 anos depois no Diálogo de Galileu, no qual seu porta-voz Salviati declara: “Quanto à terra, procuramos... enobrecê-la e aperfeiçoá-la quando nos esforçamos para torná-la como os corpos celestes e, por assim dizer, colocá-lo no céu, de onde seus filósofos o baniram”. De acordo com o relato quase unânime dos historiadores da ciência pelo menos no século passado, eles a teria colocando, ''em um pedestal'' no centro do mundo. No entanto, ao contrário da afirmação frequentemente repetida de que o geocentrismo antigo e medieval colocou a terra e a humanidade em uma posição de importância suprema ou privilegiada no universo, é o heliocentrismo, a nova cosmologia de Copérnico, que realmente constrói o lugar da humanidade como um de destaque. Na cosmologia ptolomaica, o lugar da terra é baixo e humilde. Mas, em contraste, a cosmologia de Copérnico e Galileu é, em mais de um sentido, arrogante.
As visões de Kepler também são surpreendentemente antropocêntricas. Para Kepler, a posição central seria totalmente monótona - e não me refiro apenas à falta de luminosidade. Ele argumenta que, porque o “homem” foi criado para contemplação, “e adornado e equipado com olhos, ele não poderia permanecer em repouso no centro”. Pelo contrário, ele deve fazer uma viagem anual neste barco, que é a nossa terra, para fazer as suas observações. ... Não há globo mais nobre ou mais adequado para o homem do que a terra. Pois, em primeiro lugar, está exatamente no meio dos globos principais... Acima dele estão Marte, Júpiter e Saturno. Dentro do abraço de sua órbita correm Vênus e Mercúrio, enquanto no centro o sol gira.''(33) Esta é claramente uma reconceituação completa do que significa estar no centro. Para exercer ou atualizar sua imagem divina adequadamente, os humanos devem ser capazes de observar o universo de um ponto de vista “central”, mas dinâmico e mutável, convenientemente fornecido pelo que Kepler vê como esta nossa estação espacial em órbita idealmente posicionada. E para ele, portanto, somente com a abolição do geocentrismo poderemos verdadeiramente dizer que ocupamos o melhor e mais privilegiado lugar do universo. De fato, Kepler estava tão convencido da superioridade da posição da humanidade aqui na terra que, encantadoramente, expressou certa pena por aqueles (ele pensou) que habitam Júpiter, e teorizou que, no plano divino, os jovianos, de modo que eles não sintam muita inveja de nós, habitantes da Terra, recebem algumas luas extras como forma de compensação: ''Que as criaturas jovianas, portanto, tenham algo com que se consolar. Deixe-os até ter ... seus próprios quatro planetas.''(34)
Então, novamente surge a pergunta: como o que os copernicanos e pré-copernicanos realmente escreveram se encaixa com os pronunciamentos dos comentaristas modernos? Onde fica a afirmação repetida (nas palavras de aprovação de Sigmund Freud) sobre aquele ''ultraje'' contra o ''amor-próprio ingênuo'' da humanidade que associamos com ''o nome de Copérnico?''(35) Como isso se harmoniza com o mesmo conto contado mais recentemente por Carl Sagan e novamente por Terrence Deacon, que diz que "Desde que Copérnico sugeriu pela primeira vez que a Terra Firma pode não estar localizada no centro do cosmos, a maioria dos vestígios remanescentes de especialidade humana entraram em dúvida?''(36) Sugiro que os próprios Copérnico, Galileu e Kepler, se apenas os lermos, minam a suposição fundamental de tais pronunciamentos, ou que a localização central equivale à especialidade humana, ou que a perda da localização equivale à perda da especialidade humana.
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An Alpha Research survey published on March 1 found that Petkov's We Continue The Change party and its coalition partners were leading with about 26.4 percent, just one percentage point ahead of the GERB party of former Prime Minister Boyko Borisov and its coalition partner, the Union of Democratic Forces.
Bulgarian Prime Minister Kiril Petokov, leader of the We Continue The Change party, addresses the media outside a polling station in Sofia on October 2, 2022.
With the stakes high, would-be voters turning to Bulgarian National Television and Bulgarian National Radio - both state-funded media behemoths - are being ill served, critics and experts have cautioned.
Concerns were first raised ahead of the October 2022 snap poll when Dimitar Mitev, a candidate for the Bulgarian Social Democracy - Euroleft party, and Svetlio Vitkov, leader of the populist People's Voice party, almost came to blows on BNT. 'Mental Health Of The Nation'.
Specifically, the party called for changes to Article 189 of the election law, inserting language that all registered parties "Have the right to equal participation" in campaign coverage by BNT and BNR. SEE ALSO: Special Investigation: Bulgarian Blasts, Russian Agents, And The War On Ukraine.
Milen Mitev, the general director of BNR, told RFE/RL's Bulgarian Service that more established parties are refusing to take part in debates involving extremists.

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I'm a girl who is really into crime cases ;/ So ...I'm wondering if there is anyone out there who wanna talk to me!
I'm laying down here feeling very My dream is finding someone who loves me immensely, unconditionally, and with that, I will love him to the moon and back too. I wanna be loved. I wanna get married and have kids. We both earn money to build the ideal family we want. We will watch our kids grow up. We will live together until we have no teeth anylonger.
Ideally:

1. Get to know each other for couple of months
2. Make plans to meet each other.
3. 3 years later, happy marriage hahaha (or longer)

My expectations for you:

1. Serious, kind-hearted, and forgiving.
2. Ready for a relationship. You are 100% honest. You should be experienced. You should understand feelings. You should speak out when you think we have issues. You should spend some time for me, at least 15min a day.
3. Educated
4. If you live in Vietnam, good. Otherwise, it is fine. That means I will do long distance again bút I'm willing to take risks.
5. 24-37 (You can be 38-40 but you shouldn't look too old)
6. You don't have kids. I'm sorry but I don't want your love to be divided for someone else.
7. Oh, one thing, I'm obsessed with crime cases, so if you r a police or a lawyer, that should be veryyyyyy interesting and know I would be excited hahah.

One thing I need you to know is that I have PTSD and i don't know when it will be fully treated. If thats something that holds you back, I understand.
Telegram Happinessiswhat97

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A shortage of skilled workers has become a major headache for businesses in Europe's largest economy, as vast cohorts of older employees go into retirement.
Job seekers from the European Union, like Maillot, can already work in Germany with no additional visa hurdles, but even the pool of human resources is insufficient.
Making the most out of the workers already in Germany would "Not be enough" to fill the gap, Scholz told parliament earlier this month.
Finding new workers is particularly hard in eastern Germany, thanks to lower incomes than in the west and a reputation for being less welcoming to outsiders.
As Germany ages, more and more employees are retiring, while it has become harder to back-fill roles with new apprentices.
Besides confronting the worker shortage problem, in a polluting industry like steel, the challenge in the next decade will also be the transformation to greener technologies.

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Question 1
input: int n
output: n x n (black and white square lined in position with a chess board)
W B W B W
B W B W B
W B W B W
B W B W B
W B W B W
Question 2
jar of chocolate similar to leetcode 198:
Question: You are a professional robber planning to rob houses along a street. Each house has a certain amount of money stashed, the only constraint stopping you from robbing each of them is that adjacent houses have security systems connected and it will automatically contact the police if two adjacent houses were broken into on the same night. Given an integer array nums representing the amount of money of each house, return the maximum amount of money you can rob tonight without alerting the police.
Example 1:
Input: nums = [1,2,3,1]
Output: 4
Explanation: Rob house 1 (money = 1) and then rob house 3 (money = 3). Total amount you can rob = 1 + 3 = 4.
​
more interview questions:socaapp

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The Swiss government says it wants to finalise a mandate for a resumption of negotiations with the European Union over the next three months.
Exploratory talks with Brussels had shown "Positive dynamics", the government said on Wednesday.
More than 20 meetings between Swiss and EU officials as well as the dialogue between the government and the cantonal authorities had helped clarify the situation, the statement added.
How do Swiss citizens view relations with the EU? Deadlock.
Relations between the two sides have been deadlocked since the Swiss government rejected the results of negotiations on an accord regulating the about 120 bilateral agreements with the 27-nation bloc.
A series of exploratory talks have taken place since March 2022 to try to re-start formal talks between the two sides.

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