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2023.03.26 03:25 thisgingercake The Counseling Collective - EMDR, Brainspotting, Trauma Recovery - East Petersburg and Lancaster, PA
https://www.discovercounselingcollective.com/
All our therapists offer online therapy; some offer in-person therapy also.
The offices of The Counseling Collective are located within "State & Main," at 1987 State Street in East Petersburg, PA, two miles north of Park City Center on Manheim Pike. There are several parking spaces directly behind the building (please only park in lined spaces), or you may access the overflow lot by turning on Ann Street next to the borough office. Please be sure to park only in parking spots that say “Reserved for State & Main only”. The GPS address to access our overflow lot is 1954 Ann Street. You should always defer to posted parking information, including the rules posted in the parking lots of nearby stores. The Counseling Collective cannot take responsibility for parking tickets, towing, or the safety of your vehicle.The main entrance is in the front of the building where they large flower boxes are. Once inside the foyer, our main waiting area is located through the left double door in the 1st floor lobby.
I first heard about Brainspotting earlier this year, when another therapist colleague mentioned it. After reading David Grand’s book Brainspotting: The Revolutionary New Therapy For Rapid and Effective Change, I was intrigued! I attended the Phase 1 training in Maryland earlier this month, and am happy to be able to explain more about this type of therapy. Here’s a brief overview to give you more information on this exciting new therapy that I am now able to offer as a Brainspotting Practitioner.
What is Brainspotting?
Brainspotting (BSP) is a fairly new type of therapy developed by David Grand, Ph.D. through his work with survivors of trauma, including first responders from 9/11. Grand was trained in EMDR, an effective treatment for trauma, and adapted that protocol into Brainspotting based on his research. It has been found to be an effective form of therapy for a variety of mental health concerns, including trauma, anxiety, mental blocks, physical pain, and negative emotions. According to Grand, where you look can affect how you feel. In Brainspotting, you are seen as the expert on yourself, while the therapist is in a supportive role. The goal is BSP is to access your own self-healing capabilities and help process stored trauma and negative emotions.
How does it work?
BSP appears to target the right hemisphere, the limbic system and the brain stem (mid brain). It seems to bypass the “thinking” cortex of your brain and is thought to directly access the deep parts of your brain involved in emotional regulation. A trained Brainspotting practitioner will support you to scan your vision field to locate a “brainspot” – an eye position that activates trauma or negative emotion. By identifying a brainspot, you target an area of focused activation in your brain, directly related to the issue you are working on. While you focus on that brainspot and notice your bodily sensations, you are able to process negative emotions to help rewire your brain to more positive associations and feelings. This processing may be done using headphones and listening to music that rhythmically goes back and forth from left to right side. Engaging both hemispheres of your brain with this music, called auditory bilateral stimulation, can have a very calming effect on your nervous system. Brainspotting attempts to reprocess negative emotions by focusing on your body-based sensations rather than your thoughts. It’s sort of like guided mindfulness in a supportive environment.
Brainspotting can be a rapid, effective type of therapy. In contrast to ongoing talk therapy, you can expect Brainspotting to be more short term. Some clients find their issue resolved after just one or two Brainspotting sessions. Others find Brainspotting to be more adjunctive, and use regular talk therapy to further process and enhance progress made in a Brainspotting session.
Who can benefit?
Brainspotting was initially developed as a useful treatment for trauma. But, this type of therapy can be helpful in any situation where thinking can get in the way of performance, such as creativity or sports performance. It’s great for the overthinkers, and those with high anxiety, because it bypasses the “thinking” cortex of your brain. Brainspotting allows for nonverbal processing, since you can talk as much or as little as you want. Just focusing your thoughts on the issue at hand, and noticing your bodily sensations as you are doing it, is a great alternative to traditional talk therapy. It is especially helpful if you’ve gotten “stuck” on an issue or feel like something is holding you back from moving forward or being more successful. Brainspotting is also great for those who work in a field where they can’t talk about their job due to security or confidentiality concerns.
Want to schedule a Brainspotting session?
You can fill out our Request Appointment form on our website here, or you can call our Client Coordinator Christine at 717-723-8040. If you are a new client, you will be scheduled for an initial intake appointment, and then your first Brainspotting session would be scheduled after we meet.
Want to read more?
Here are some additional resources and studies on Brainspotting:
http://www.nshcf.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/2016-NSHCF-Community-Assessment-Report.pdf
https://www.goodtherapy.org/learn-about-therapy/types/brainspotting-therapy
brainspottingcollective.com
brainspotting.com
I am happy to be able to offer this type of therapy to the community, and I’m excited to see how clients benefit from it!
The mental health therapists at our office offer counseling for a variety of issues including trauma using EMDR, depression, anxiety, grief, and couples counseling. We work with teens, adults, and couples. We also offer online counseling services which can be great for people with busy schedules or for people who live in parts of Pennsylvania with limited counseling options. You can check out our website to see the full list of counseling services that we offer. Or, Request An Appointment here.
Amanda Ruiz MS, LPC Anxiety, Change, Brainspotting
https://www.discovercounselingcollective.com/
1987 State Street, East Petersburg, PA 17520
210 West Grant Street, Lancaster, PA 17603
submitted by thisgingercake to TraumaTherapy [link] [comments]
All our therapists offer online therapy; some offer in-person therapy also.
The offices of The Counseling Collective are located within "State & Main," at 1987 State Street in East Petersburg, PA, two miles north of Park City Center on Manheim Pike. There are several parking spaces directly behind the building (please only park in lined spaces), or you may access the overflow lot by turning on Ann Street next to the borough office. Please be sure to park only in parking spots that say “Reserved for State & Main only”. The GPS address to access our overflow lot is 1954 Ann Street. You should always defer to posted parking information, including the rules posted in the parking lots of nearby stores. The Counseling Collective cannot take responsibility for parking tickets, towing, or the safety of your vehicle.The main entrance is in the front of the building where they large flower boxes are. Once inside the foyer, our main waiting area is located through the left double door in the 1st floor lobby.
An Introduction To Brainspotting
September 24, 2019I first heard about Brainspotting earlier this year, when another therapist colleague mentioned it. After reading David Grand’s book Brainspotting: The Revolutionary New Therapy For Rapid and Effective Change, I was intrigued! I attended the Phase 1 training in Maryland earlier this month, and am happy to be able to explain more about this type of therapy. Here’s a brief overview to give you more information on this exciting new therapy that I am now able to offer as a Brainspotting Practitioner.
What is Brainspotting?
Brainspotting (BSP) is a fairly new type of therapy developed by David Grand, Ph.D. through his work with survivors of trauma, including first responders from 9/11. Grand was trained in EMDR, an effective treatment for trauma, and adapted that protocol into Brainspotting based on his research. It has been found to be an effective form of therapy for a variety of mental health concerns, including trauma, anxiety, mental blocks, physical pain, and negative emotions. According to Grand, where you look can affect how you feel. In Brainspotting, you are seen as the expert on yourself, while the therapist is in a supportive role. The goal is BSP is to access your own self-healing capabilities and help process stored trauma and negative emotions.
How does it work?
BSP appears to target the right hemisphere, the limbic system and the brain stem (mid brain). It seems to bypass the “thinking” cortex of your brain and is thought to directly access the deep parts of your brain involved in emotional regulation. A trained Brainspotting practitioner will support you to scan your vision field to locate a “brainspot” – an eye position that activates trauma or negative emotion. By identifying a brainspot, you target an area of focused activation in your brain, directly related to the issue you are working on. While you focus on that brainspot and notice your bodily sensations, you are able to process negative emotions to help rewire your brain to more positive associations and feelings. This processing may be done using headphones and listening to music that rhythmically goes back and forth from left to right side. Engaging both hemispheres of your brain with this music, called auditory bilateral stimulation, can have a very calming effect on your nervous system. Brainspotting attempts to reprocess negative emotions by focusing on your body-based sensations rather than your thoughts. It’s sort of like guided mindfulness in a supportive environment.
Brainspotting can be a rapid, effective type of therapy. In contrast to ongoing talk therapy, you can expect Brainspotting to be more short term. Some clients find their issue resolved after just one or two Brainspotting sessions. Others find Brainspotting to be more adjunctive, and use regular talk therapy to further process and enhance progress made in a Brainspotting session.
Who can benefit?
Brainspotting was initially developed as a useful treatment for trauma. But, this type of therapy can be helpful in any situation where thinking can get in the way of performance, such as creativity or sports performance. It’s great for the overthinkers, and those with high anxiety, because it bypasses the “thinking” cortex of your brain. Brainspotting allows for nonverbal processing, since you can talk as much or as little as you want. Just focusing your thoughts on the issue at hand, and noticing your bodily sensations as you are doing it, is a great alternative to traditional talk therapy. It is especially helpful if you’ve gotten “stuck” on an issue or feel like something is holding you back from moving forward or being more successful. Brainspotting is also great for those who work in a field where they can’t talk about their job due to security or confidentiality concerns.
Want to schedule a Brainspotting session?
You can fill out our Request Appointment form on our website here, or you can call our Client Coordinator Christine at 717-723-8040. If you are a new client, you will be scheduled for an initial intake appointment, and then your first Brainspotting session would be scheduled after we meet.
Want to read more?
Here are some additional resources and studies on Brainspotting:
http://www.nshcf.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/2016-NSHCF-Community-Assessment-Report.pdf
https://www.goodtherapy.org/learn-about-therapy/types/brainspotting-therapy
brainspottingcollective.com
brainspotting.com
I am happy to be able to offer this type of therapy to the community, and I’m excited to see how clients benefit from it!
The mental health therapists at our office offer counseling for a variety of issues including trauma using EMDR, depression, anxiety, grief, and couples counseling. We work with teens, adults, and couples. We also offer online counseling services which can be great for people with busy schedules or for people who live in parts of Pennsylvania with limited counseling options. You can check out our website to see the full list of counseling services that we offer. Or, Request An Appointment here.
Amanda Ruiz MS, LPC Anxiety, Change, Brainspotting
https://www.discovercounselingcollective.com/
1987 State Street, East Petersburg, PA 17520
210 West Grant Street, Lancaster, PA 17603
2023.03.26 03:09 sonnycirico215 I’m a guy who appreciates a hard hitting indica and Curaleaf in South Philly HOOKED ME UP. London Pound Cake. 😴🤤🔥
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2023.03.26 03:05 gtomapyiiw 😘👉👌 IF YOU TAP YOU WILL CUM 🍆💦
 | submitted by gtomapyiiw to d1xk3vqn3c [link] [comments] IF YOU TAP HERE YOU WILL CUMIF YOU TAP HERE YOU WILL CUMIF YOU TAP HERE YOU WILL CUMhttps://i.redd.it/izbilbqpgzpa1.gif“OH, so you and Cindy are comparing notes?” I replied with mock seriousness. Michelle just giggled in response then cuddled up close to me and simply said that Cindy said I knew how to treat a girl like a girl, not a piece of meat, and I would also listen. “OK, I am listening, what do you have to tell me?” Henry grunted at that. “I think she did a little bit more then kiss you, you went into the house and then you came out of it with a hickey on your neck and I know you didn’t put that on yourself.” Before leaving his room Lydia has checked that I had around his neck the gold chain he had given me the night before, then a few drops of perfume for her and for me and hand in hand we went to breakfast. Billy asked the most interesting thing, "Are you both virgin?" Emmy was a gorgeous young woman who looked a lot like Wyatt’s ex wife. She had long blond hair and a very fair complexion. Her eyes were green like trees that surrounded us and her smile was filled with warmth. Even though she was wearing a very loose shirt it was clear to me that her tits were very well sized and had developed a lot since I had last saw her. “So you guys say nothing was stolen?” The officer asked, as he wrote down notes on a small notebook. My cock was hard again by this time so i made her lie down on the bed and got on top of her, positioned myself and plunged my whole cock into her with one thrust , she screamed at the top of her voice and i could feel myself breaking her hymen. It was an amazing feeling, her pussy was very tight and i was in heaven. Jake moved around to the end of the bed, and resumed rubbing her pussy, slickening his finger before using her juices to stroke his cock. When he finished gazing over her vulnerable body, he kneeled on the bed placing his left hand on her hip, his right at the base of his cock, aligning his head into her glistening pussy. He inserted slowly, her body instinctively shifting forward, Katie had never had a cock as large as his before. She slid back, slowly adjusted to his girth, Jake remained still, allowing his girlfriend to do the work, her wet pussy slowly gliding across his cock. She stopped when their waists met. Jake was slightly disappointed, he had hoped that with someone of Katie’s stature, she would be much tighter, she felt good, but was much looser than any other girl that Jake had been with. I pulled out my phone and took a picture to go show my mom later, figured she’d be proud. You’re probably thinking why I wouldn’t show my father before my mother and that’s because he died. When I was 10 years old, I’m now 17, we were riding some of our old 4-wheelers when he tried to do a trick and ended up over the bars and being crushed to death by the A.T.V. After that, he had left me and my mom a hefty 150 million dollar bank fund and alone in the huge mansion we had at the time. Later, as he curled up on the sofa to watch some TV before bed, Lucy stretched out on her belly on the floor below, weight resting on her elbows and flicking absent-mindedly through a magazine. Inevitably, George's attention was distracted from the screen to his stepdaughter's backside, its perfect curvature highlighted within the clinging microskirt. And yet, Lucy had stretched out like this for as long as he could remember. It was almost as if she'd developed a fresh allure overnight, and all of a sudden things had become very different. His cock rose an inch from his thigh, barely contained within the old dressing gown. Justin nodded back and I slipped back to my room and drifted to sleep. Sean laughs, "That's not what I mean! But don't worry--somebody's gonna see how special you are and want you in that special way! pleasure through her breasts. The shorts had the same effect, gently rubbing against her “I’m leaving on a trip, and in three days, I shall teach you, Kelly, and Victoria how to find your Selves. I’m certain that they are close to reaching the same level of catharsis as you.” “Would you have called if he did?” My eyes went to his dick and soon he cum, spurting out cum at me, Snooping in several thrift stores and second-hand shops yielded another desk for one of us, a decent entertainment cabinet, and a sound system that would be more than adequate for the size of the apartment. Tandra kept looking for something else that she wouldn’t tell me about, which diverted my concentration with the curiosity that she spawned in me. Whatever it was, I’d have to wait until she found what she was looking for before I’d have an idea of what it was. And by the time we got everything we’d bought into the van and home, then unloaded and upstairs, it was pretty close to supper time. “Mike, honey,” Carrie said. “You think she’s ready for the bigger plug?” Jack sat on an oak chair, drumming his hands on the handle of his aluminum cane. The room was brightly lit by stage lights for the benefit of the cameras situated in back, with the light reflecting off the white wall brightly, but shining the brightest on the golden tapestry behind the podium. The room was filled with people, all seated in short rows going to the back wall, with all eyes either focused on Jack or the president, who was standing behind the podium. Clearing his throat, Barrack Obama began to speak. I nervously undid the button and lowered his zipper. He hooked his thumbs inside and pushed down both his shorts and underwear. It was just as big and hard as I thought it was all day. His cock was bobbing up and down as he moved to undo my shorts and pull them down my hips. “I’m almost done.” I said, smiling. The tranny winked back. “Im right here Naruto-kun!” She yelled behind Torisha. “74 palms!” She said loudly striking him. She began hitting him in all his chakra points. “17 hits... 24 hits... 37 hits!” she’d scream as she hit him with her gentle fist. Blood came out of the guy’s mouth as Naruto looked in awe. “Hinata… who knew you were this strong…” Kimishio came back into the room, stunned and saw his dead master lying on the floor. “Kage bushin no jutsu!” Naruto called and one of his clones appeared forming a ball of chakra into Naruto hands. “You’ve been asking for this and now your going to get it!” Naruto charged at the man “RASENGAN!” he pushed the ball of chakra into Torisha. The wall was splattered red along with Naruto’s face. He turned around and grabbed hold of Hinata holding her tight in his arms. “I was so scared Hinata… so scared…” His voice was shaky. She grabbed on to his hand and rubbed it across her face. He looked down at her flinging his lips on to hers. She met him halfway. “Hinata I love you so much… I need you. Im so glad I have you…” He said holding her tight. "Yeah! That's a no-brainer. How easy I forget." I heard a number of different reactions. A few of my guy friends started to crack up and tease what I had just said. A couple of the prude girls said ‘ew‘ and I think one splashed water onto me. I saw a few girls pondering it. I decided to go for it all. I could go way beyond reasonable limits, and it wouldn't matter an itch. She put her arm across my chest and kissed my shoulder, still feeling that loving rush. ‘Yeah, if its true then we’ll obviously believe all the other stories you’ve told us,’ said another. James sat back in satisfaction, enjoying the sight of Matthew squirming in his seat due to his doing. "Are you going to delete the picture now?" Mia asked mom after she caught her breath. Mom looked at us pondering for a few seconds. I could bore you with explaining of how my head was lost in a cloud throughout my drive home that evening, how I played and replayed every word said between Maggie and I. And of course that amazing kissing session in front of the chalkboard, and my god, getting groped by Mrs. Mays! WOW! Just thinking about it made my jeans uncomfortably tight again. Instead I’ll just skip all that and say that I got home, early for my usual routine for the past… well… all summer really, and my father was sitting on the back porch of our house on the hill on the farm. He was relaxing in the cool night breeze having a beer or two. He was a bit surprised to see me so early and asked me to join him for a bit. I grabbed a glass of iced tea and settled into a chair next to him as we watched the moon rising over the hill to the East of the house. We talked about his shop and how business was slowly taking off. We talked about my brother and sisters and my mom and how everyone was doing. And of course we finally got around to talking about me, the object of the whole conversation I deduced early on. My dad means well, and he doesn’t pry as long as he doesn’t think there’s a problem, but he is still curious especially of his eldest son. I think he was wondering about my adventures and if they were anything like the ones he had at my age. We didn’t discuss that of course but he wanted to know how I was doing, about my work with Dom’s and my yard work and lastly about my tutoring lessons. He asked me if I needed any help paying for the lessons. I laughed at that but then I had to explain why I laughed. I explained that most of my yard work jobs were paying jobs, but the Tutoring was being paid for in trade. I mowed my tutors’ yard in exchange for the lessons. My dad actually seemed impressed by this “deal” and said it was a great idea. We talked about a few other things that really weren’t important then we both decided it was time to call it a day and go to bed. I told him I was headed to town again in the morning for my tutors’ yard work and lessons afterwards before working at Dom’s that evening. I would see him again Sunday morning. "Oh god, that was the best I've ever had. Ever," she says as she slowly strokes the dildo in and out. "Ewww, that was the best." 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2023.03.25 17:22 anxious_onion WAMC: 3.787 GPA, 514 MCAT, ORM
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- cGPA and sGPA as calculated by AMCAS or AACOMAS: 3.784 cGPA, 3.730 sGPA
- MCAT score(s) and breakdown: Second attempt - 514 (128/126/128/132), First attempt - 503 (126/127/124/126)
- State of residence or country of citizenship (if non-US): PA
- Ethnicity and/or race: Asian; from a small country in Asia; immigrated to the US at age 9
- Undergraduate institution or category: University of Pittsburgh
- Clinical experience (volunteer and non-volunteer): 350 hours working as a medical assistant; 70 hours volunteering in the hospital
- Research experience and productivity: 650 hours in a clinical lab in undergrad with a mid-author pub in a decent journal (socioeconomic research in patients); 150 hours in a basic science lab in undergrad (animal research); 600 hours in another basic science lab in undergrad with a poster-presentation at my uni (animal research); 2100 hours in a clinical lab in my gap year and 2100 more anticipated during gap year #2 so 4200 total with 2 oral presentations, 1 poster, and 1 mid-author pub in a great journal (patient research)
- Shadowing experience and specialties represented: 50 hours of shadowing family med, psychiatry, cardiology, dermatology, and otolaryngology (35 complete and 15 more anticipated)
- Non-clinical volunteering: 1000 hours of covid relief to marginalized communities
- Other extracurricular activities (including athletics, military service, gap year activities, leadership, teaching, etc): Undergrad teaching assistant for bio (120 hours) and for organic chem (120 hours); resident assistant for 1 year (300 hours); started a prehealth club at my uni (300 hours)
- Relevant honors or awards: summa cum laude (GPA of 3.75 or above), departmental honors, a team award for research, and a travel grant for an oral presentation, dean's list as a sophomore - senior
- Anything else not listed you think might be important: refugee background; did random job after HS (not sure whether to include in application); hobbies include photo/videography singing, creative writing; got my emt certification before I did the MA job; LORs should be pretty good (from gap year physician supervisor, 2 science profs; 1 extracurricular supervisor; looking to get 1 from non science prof too); DREAM SCHOOL IS MY ALMA MATER***
Albert Einstein College of Medicine (Bronx, NY)
Boston University School of Medicine (Boston, MA)
Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine (Cleveland, OH)
Drexel University College of Medicine (Philadelphia, PA)
Duke University School of Medicine (Durham, NC)
Emory University School of Medicine (Atlanta, GA)
Florida Atlantic University Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine (Boca Raton, FL)
Geisinger Commonwealth Medical College (Scranton, PA)
George Washington University School of Medicine (Washington, D.C.)
Georgetown University School of Medicine (Washington, D.C.)
Hacksensack Meridian School of Medicine (Nutley, NJ)
Hofstra University Zucker School of Medicine (Hempstead, NY)
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (New York, NY)
Indiana University School of Medicine (Indianapolis, IN)
Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine (Maywood, IL)
Mayo Clinic School of Medicine (Rochester, MN)
Mayo Clinic School of Medicine (Scottsdale, AZ)
Medical College of Wisconsin (Milwaukee, WI)
North Dakota School of Medicine (Grand Forks, ND)
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (Chicago, IL)
Nova Southeastern University College of Allopathic Medicine (Davie, FL)
Ohio State University School of Medicine (Columbus, OH)
Penn State University College of Medicine (Hummelstown, PA)
Quinnipiac University School of Medicine (Hamden, CT)
Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine (North Chicago, IL)
Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School (New Brunswick, NJ)
Saint Louis University School of Medicine (St. Louis, MO)
Stanford School of Medicine (Stanford, CA)
Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine (Philadelphia, PA)
Thomas Jefferson University Sidney Kimmel Medical College (Philadelphia, PA)
Tufts University School of Medicine (Boston, MA)
Tulane University School of Medicine (New Orleans, LA)
UC San Diego School of Medicine (San Diego, CA)
UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine (Los Angeles, CA)
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Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (Bethesda, MD)
University of Alabama School of Medicine (Birmingham, AL)
University of Arizona College of Medicine Phoenix (Phoenix, AZ)
University of Cincinnati College of Medicine (Cincinnati, OH)
University of Colorado School of Medicine (Aurora, CO)
University of Connecticut School of Medicine (Farmington, CT)
University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine (Iowa City, IA)
University of Michigan Medical School (Ann Arbor, MI)
University of Minnesota Medical School (Minneapolis, MN)
University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine (Philadelphia, PA)
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine (Pittsburgh, PA)
University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine (Tampa, FL)
University of Toledo College of Medicine (Toledo, OH)
University of Utah School of Medicine (Salt Lake City, UT)
University of Vermont College of Medicine (Burlington, VT)
University of Virginia School of Medicine (Charlottesville, VA)
USC Keck School of Medicine (Los Angeles, CA)
Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine (Richmond, VA)
Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine (Roanoke, VA)
Wake Forest University School of Medicine (Winston-Salem, NC)
West Virginia University School of Medicine (Morgantown, WV)
Western Michigan Homer Stryker School of Medicine (Kalamazoo, MI)
Wright State Boonshoft School of Medicine (Dayton, OH)
2023.03.25 08:55 Inkblot9 Division I men's tournament thread, Mar 25–29
Updated SGSRS ratings
submitted by Inkblot9 to collegegolf [link] [comments]
Battle At Rum Pointe
- Mar 25–26
- Rum Pointe Seaside Golf Links, Berlin, MD (Host: Iona [not located near the venue])
- States represented: New Hampshire, Massachusetts (2), Connecticut (3), New York (7), New Jersey (3), Maryland.
- Conferences: MAAC (7), NEC (3), Big Sky (2), CAA (2), Ivy (2), Patriot.
- Teams (17): Binghamton Colgate Dartmouth Fairfield Hartford Harvard Hofstra Iona Long Island Manhattan Merrimack Monmouth Mount St. Mary's Rider Sacred Heart St. Peter's Siena
- SGSRS: Harvard (125) and Long Island (195) are the only teams above 220th. Harvard's Brian Ma (388) is the highest-rated player.
Seahawk Intercollegiate
- Mar 26–27
- Country Club of Landfall (Dye Course), Wilmington, NC (Host: UNC Wilmington)
- States represented: Nebraska, Texas, Ohio (2), Maryland, DC, Virginia, North Carolina (4), South Carolina (5), Florida.
- Conferences: Big South (3), SBC (3), Big Ten (2), A-10, ACC, ASun, Big 12, Big East, CAA, Horizon, MAC, Southland.
- Teams (17): Appalachian State Campbell Charleston Southern Clemson Coastal Carolina Davidson Francis Marion Georgetown James Madison Maryland Nebraska Stetson TCU Toledo UNC Wilmington USC Upstate Wright State
- SGSRS: TCU (42) and Clemson (50) lead seven teams in the top 100. TCU's Gustav Frimodt (82) and Kent State's Tyler Goecke (127) are the highest-rated players.
Craft Farms Intercollegiate
- Mar 26–28
- Craft Farms Golf Club, Gulf Shores, AL (Host: South Alabama)
- States represented: Oklahoma, Texas (2), Michigan, Illinois (3), Indiana, Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama (2), Georgia, Maryland.
- Conferences: SBC (3), C-USA (2), MVC (2), OVC (2), Big East, Horizon, Patriot, SoCon, Summit.
- Teams (14): Bradley DePaul Georgia State Illinois State Loyola (MD) Oakland Oral Roberts Rice Samford South Alabama Southern Indiana Tennessee Tech Texas State Western Kentucky
- SGSRS: Oral Roberts (98) is the highest-rated team; ten others are above 200th. The highest-rated players are Tennessee Tech's Jackson Skeen (270), Illinois State's Valentin Peugnet (278), and Rice's Henry Daly (279).
The Hootie
- Mar 26–28
- Bulls Bay Golf Club, Awendaw, SC (Host: South Carolina)
- States represented: New Mexico, Missouri, Wisconsin, Indiana, Ohio, Kentucky (2), West Virginia, Virginia (2), Tennessee, North Carolina, South Carolina (3).
- Conferences: SEC (3), ACC (2), Big Ten (2), SoCon (2), A-10, ASun, Big 12, CAA, MAC, MWC.
- Teams (15): College of Charleston East Tennessee State Eastern Kentucky Furman Kent State Kentucky Missouri NC State New Mexico Purdue South Carolina VCU Virginia Tech West Virginia Wisconsin
- SGSRS: East Tennessee State (35) and Purdue (39) lead eleven teams in the top 100. Purdue's Herman Sekne (30) is the highest-rated player.
Aggie Invitational
- Mar 27–28
- Bryan Park, Browns Summit, NC (Host: North Carolina A&T)
- States represented: Illinois, Maryland, Tennessee, North Carolina (3), Alabama (2).
- Conferences: CAA (2), NEC (2), SWAC (2), OVC, Ind.
- Teams (8): Alabama A&M Alabama State Chicago State Elon Maryland–Eastern Shore North Carolina A&T North Carolina Central Tennessee State
- SGSRS: Elon (124) is the only team above 270th. The five highest-rated players are all from Elon, led by Garrett Risner (367).
The Big Texan
- Mar 27–28
- Riverhill Country Club, Kerrville, TX (Host: UTRGV)
- States represented: Texas (7), Louisiana (2).
- Conferences: Southland (5), WAC (3), SWAC.
- Teams (9): Houston Christian Incarnate Word New Orleans Southeastern Louisiana Stephen F. Austin Tarleton State Texas A&M Commerce Texas Southern UTRGV
- SGSRS: Tarleton State (172) is the only team in the top 200. The highest-rated player is Southeastern Louisiana's Charlie Forster (439).
Don Benbow Butler Spring Invitational
- Mar 27–28
- Highland Golf and Country Club, Indianapolis, IN (Host: Butler)
- States represented: Wisconsin, Michigan, Indiana (4), Ohio (2).
- Conferences: Horizon (6), Big East, MAC.
- Teams (8): Ball State Butler Cleveland State Detroit Mercy Green Bay IUPUI Purdue Fort Wayne Youngstown State
- SGSRS: Ball State (152) and Butler (181) are the only teams in the top 200. The highest-rated players are Ball State's Joey Ranieri and Kash Bellar (586/604) and Butler's Damon Dickey (659).
Duck Invitational
- Mar 27–28
- Eugene Country Club, Eugene, OR (Host: Oregon)
- States represented: Washington, Oregon (2), Idaho (2), California (4), Arizona, Colorado (2), Kansas, Texas.
- Conferences: MWC (3), Pac-12 (3), WCC (3), Big 12, Big Sky, Big West, C-USA, WAC.
- Teams (14): Boise State Cal Poly Colorado Colorado State Gonzaga Grand Canyon Idaho Kansas Oregon Oregon State Pacific San Jose State Santa Clara UTEP
- SGSRS: Colorado State (26) and Oregon (27) are the highest-rated teams; four others are in the top 100. Oregon's Owen Avrit (20) is the highest-rated player, followed by Colorado State's Connor Jones (58).
Golden Horseshoe Intercollegiate
- Mar 27–28
- Golden Horseshoe Golf Club (Gold Course), Williamsburg, VA (Host: William & Mary)
- States represented: New York, Pennsylvania (5), New Jersey (2), Maryland (2), DC, Virginia (2).
- Conferences: A-10 (3), CAA (2), Ivy (2), NEC (2), Patriot (2), Big East, Big South.
- Teams (13): Fairleigh Dickinson George Washington Lafayette Longwood Navy Pennsylvania Princeton St. Bonaventure St. Francis (PA) St. Joseph's Towson Villanova William & Mary
- SGSRS: Three teams are above 200th – George Washington (137), William & Mary (182), and Princeton (184). The highest-rated players are George Washington's Jakub Hrinda (285) and Princeton's Riccardo Fantinelli (343).
UC San Diego Invitational
- Mar 27–28
- Torrey Pines Golf Club (North Course), La Jolla, CA (Host: UC San Diego)
- States represented: Hawaii, Washington, California (6), Utah (3), Pennsylvania (2), Florida.
- Conferences: Big West (6), WAC (4), Patriot (2), MWC, SWAC.
- Teams (14): Bucknell Cal State Northridge California Baptist Florida A&M Hawaii Lehigh Seattle Southern Utah UC Irvine UC Riverside UC San Diego UCSB Utah State Utah Tech
- SGSRS: Seattle (131) and Cal State Northridge (139) are the highest-rated; half the remaining teams are above 200th. UC San Diego's Davis McDowell (289) is the highest-rated player, followed by UC Riverside's Josh Hu (369) and Seattle's Liam Gill (372).
Valspar Collegiate Invitational
- Mar 27–28
- Floridian National Golf Club, Palm City, FL (Host: Houston [not located near the venue])
- States represented: California, Arizona, Texas (5), Minnesota, Wisconsin, Illinois, Ohio, North Carolina (3), Florida.
- Conferences: ACC (4), Big Ten (3), Big 12 (2), AAC, Big East, Pac-12, SEC, Southland, WCC.
- Teams (15): Arizona State Duke Florida State Houston Lamar Marquette Minnesota North Carolina Northwestern Ohio State Pepperdine Texas Texas A&M Texas Tech Wake Forest
- SGSRS: Seven of the top 14 are in the field, led by Texas Tech (2), North Carolina (3), Arizona State (4), and Florida State (5); all but one of the remaining teams are above 100th. The individual field features nine of the top 16, led by Texas Tech's Ludvig Åberg (3) and North Carolina's David Ford (4).
Golfweek/Any Given Tuesday Intercollegiate
- Mar 27–29
- True Blue Golf Club, Pawleys Island, SC (Host: Golfweek)
- States represented: Colorado, Kansas, Illinois (3), Indiana (2), Ohio (2), West Virginia, Delaware, Connecticut, Arkansas, Tennessee, North Carolina (2), Alabama (2), South Carolina.
- Conferences: ASun (3), Big South (3), MVC (3), Big East (2), SBC (2), A-10, AAC, Big Sky, CAA, MAC, Summit.
- Teams (19): Austin Peay Central Arkansas Connecticut Delaware Evansville Gardner–Webb High Point Jacksonville State Loyola (IL) Marshall Northern Colorado Ohio Southern Illinois Troy Valparaiso Western Illinois Wichita State Winthrop Xavier
- SGSRS: Troy (97) is the only team above 100th; half the rest are in the top 200. Troy's Brantley Scott (187) is the highest-rated player, followed by Valparaiso's Caleb VanArragon (206).
2023.03.25 06:33 OkStress5833 Kyle Lowry Bowman chrome xfractor rc!
 | Such a beautiful card IMO! Getting it graded soon. submitted by OkStress5833 to basketballcards [link] [comments] |
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2023.03.21 16:03 kanemademedothis Moving from Portland, OR to the East coast. Help!!
Hi! Sorry for the long post, I just wanted to make sure our backgrounds were explained.
My husband (29) and me (25), are wanting to relocate preferably soon from Portland, OR to the East coast. I am originally from Spain, where we met and lived for three years. Unfortunately, employment there and opportunities are not great, so we decided to move here so he could have a better paying job (he's a software engineer working remotely) and I could have more opportunities outside of my field (English literature and language degree, Teaching Master's).
Unfortunately, Portland is wearing us out. The situation with the homeless is very out of control with nothing being done, and some of their mental health and drug issues is starting to make. many of them aggressive and intimidating. Downtown seems really dead because of this. We are looking at the East Coast because of affordability (Oregon is just new California with the prices of housing here), and because when I was there, about 10 years ago (I visited PA, NY and DC), I really liked it.
We are both outdoorsy, very relaxed and friendly people. I'm huge into reading, writing and fitness, and he has a side business repairing and selling bikes online, so we'd like to be able to find a community that fits that. We are not huge into nightlife or malls. All we need is a nice sushi place, a good coffee shop and a gym. We are looking to possibly rent (our budget it 1.7k tops) for a year when we relocate before buying a house with at least a quarter of an acre of property. We think a smaller city/town would fit our styles better but are open to ideas. Our main priorities would be somewhere green, mild-ish weather, with coffee shops to check out (even if we have to drive 15 minutes). I'd personally love a walkable nice downtown too since, coming from Spain, I miss walking around so much.
The places we have looking into are North Carolina (maybe Durham area? Heard good things about Charlotte too), Virginia, Pennsylvania and Rhode Island mainly. But I'd love to hear your opinions. We're really stuck wanting to leave here but can't go visit the east coast most likely before making the move.
Please help!
submitted by kanemademedothis to Virginia [link] [comments]
My husband (29) and me (25), are wanting to relocate preferably soon from Portland, OR to the East coast. I am originally from Spain, where we met and lived for three years. Unfortunately, employment there and opportunities are not great, so we decided to move here so he could have a better paying job (he's a software engineer working remotely) and I could have more opportunities outside of my field (English literature and language degree, Teaching Master's).
Unfortunately, Portland is wearing us out. The situation with the homeless is very out of control with nothing being done, and some of their mental health and drug issues is starting to make. many of them aggressive and intimidating. Downtown seems really dead because of this. We are looking at the East Coast because of affordability (Oregon is just new California with the prices of housing here), and because when I was there, about 10 years ago (I visited PA, NY and DC), I really liked it.
We are both outdoorsy, very relaxed and friendly people. I'm huge into reading, writing and fitness, and he has a side business repairing and selling bikes online, so we'd like to be able to find a community that fits that. We are not huge into nightlife or malls. All we need is a nice sushi place, a good coffee shop and a gym. We are looking to possibly rent (our budget it 1.7k tops) for a year when we relocate before buying a house with at least a quarter of an acre of property. We think a smaller city/town would fit our styles better but are open to ideas. Our main priorities would be somewhere green, mild-ish weather, with coffee shops to check out (even if we have to drive 15 minutes). I'd personally love a walkable nice downtown too since, coming from Spain, I miss walking around so much.
The places we have looking into are North Carolina (maybe Durham area? Heard good things about Charlotte too), Virginia, Pennsylvania and Rhode Island mainly. But I'd love to hear your opinions. We're really stuck wanting to leave here but can't go visit the east coast most likely before making the move.
Please help!
2023.03.21 06:11 JustTheFacts714 Scoring Sheets
 | submitted by JustTheFacts714 to monopoly [link] [comments] |
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2023.03.20 01:42 BryanOnAPC QUICK CODES CollegeBBallCoach2
I used my own incomplete Team Quick Code and used u/LAZYTOWWWWWN list to correct the teams I hadn't named. This works with CollegeBBallCoach2
QCIDNameReputationMainColorRMainColorGMainColorBSecColorRSecColorGSecColorBStateConference
1NORTH CAROLINA4158193255255255255NCALC
2MIAMI-FL3255510255255255FLALC
3ABILENE CHRISTIAN17748114255255255TXSOUTHLAND
4COLORADO SPRINGS12752155255255255COMNT WEST
5AKRON12281019415665OHMDA
6ALABAMA3168550255255255ALSEC
7ALABAMA A&M111700255255255ALSOUTH WEST
8ALABAMA STATE13531322542039ALSOUTH WEST
9ALBANY2252187136139119NYAME
10ALCORN STATE166974252245186MSSOUTH WEST
11AMERICAN U12061141255255255DCPTR
12APPALACHIAN STATE125519732000NCSUN BELT
13ARIZONA4122283255255255AZPAC 12
14ARIZONA STATE2150326125420139AZPAC 12
15ARKANSAS32051665255255255ARSEC
16ARKANSAS STATE12372746255255255ARSUN BELT
17AR-PIN BLUFF12381870000ARSOUTH WEST
18ARMY136373216713336NYPTR
19AURBURN3254510233464ALSEC
20AUSTN PEAY ST11421111255255255TNOHIO VAL
21BALL STATE121800255255255INMDA
22BAYLOR201347325519439TXBIG 12
23BELLMOUNT12323869255255255TNOHIO VAL
24BETHUNE-COOKMAN11322753255255255FLMDE
25BINGHAMTON2011183179181184NYAME
26BOISE STATE23148130204204204IDMNT WEST
27BOSTON COLLEGE21303030238232183MAALC
28BOSTON U11935666255255255MAPTR
29BOWLING GREEN17836024512163OHMDA
30BRADLEY22552126000ILMZV
31BROWN1138304255255255RIIVY LEAGUE
32BRYANT1112457165148116RINTE
33BUCKNELL1255112000100PAPTR
34BUFFALO10104180255255255NYMDA
35BUTLER3131997255255255INBIG EAST
36BRIGHAM YOUNG304598255255255UTWCC
37CAL POLY1186049255255255CABIG WEST
38CAL STATE BAKERSFIELD10931712552104CAWAC
39CAL STATE FULLERTON105510424614330CABIG WEST
40CSUN12051665255255255CABIG WEST
41SACRAMENTO STATE100025513749CABIG SKY
42CAL BERKELEY205510425522248CAPAC 12
43CAMPBELL125513749000NCBIG SOUTH
44CANISIUS12381781704089NYMDAT
45CENTRAL ARKANSAS17938131255255255ARSOUTHLAND
46CENTRAL CONNECTICUT12773162255255255CTNTE
47CENTRAL MICHIGAN21200622616283MIMDA
48COLLEGE OF CHARLESTON1106024181161114SCCL
49CHARLESTON SOUTHERN1068124255255255SCBIG SOUTH
50NC CHARLOTTE209949255255255NCCONF USA
51CHATTANOOGA123817917067123TNSOUTHERN
52CHICAGO STATE101030255255255ILWAC
53CINCINNATI3253038000OHAAC
54THE CITADEL104392255255255SCSOUTHERN
55CLEMSON32409620255255255SCALC
56CLEVELAND STATE108761000OHHORIZON
57COASTAL CAROLINA10146151255255255SCBIG SOUTH
58COLGATE1139129255255255NYPTR
59COLORADO200019817199COPAC 12
60COLORADO STATE2761309416613235COMNT WEST
61COLUMBIA1075133124194241NYIVY LEAGUE
62UCONN4102990255255255CTAAC
63COPPIN STATE146491462552450MDMDE
64CORNELL1214039255255255NYIVY LEAGUE
65CREIGHTON2254517024218059NEBIG EAST
66DARTMOUTH108748255255255NHIVY LEAGUE
67DAVIDSON22292555000NCATLANTC 10
68DAYTON2231882126102OHATLANTC 10
69DELAWARE11831552552210DECL
70DELEWA STATE124126451169239DEMDE
71DENVER1152046170151108COSUMMIT
72DEPAUL230551582077779ILBIG EAST
73DETROIT1229255528100164MIHORIZON
74DRAKE1083160180182184IAMZV
75DREXEL1119625522062PACL
76DUKE4076125255255255NCALC
77DUQUENSE2519217604598PAATLANTC 10
78EASTERN CAROLINA2255206407431104NCAAC
79ETSU129116319014852TNSOUTHERN
80EASTERN ILLINOIS1000255255255ILOHIO VAL
81EASTERN KENTUCKY11151139255255255KYOHIO VAL
82EASTERN MICHIGAN2119536255255255MIMDA
83EASTERN WASHINGTON12154652255255255WABIG SKY
84ELON11440017416496NCCL
85EVANSVILLE11025115325510715INMZV
86FAIRFIELD12124115241717CTMDAT
87FAIRLEIGH DICKSON1072152255255255NJNTE
88FLORIDA43357206255668FLSEC
89FLORIDA A&M101818224815140FLMDE
90FLORIDA ATLANTIC1075133255255255FLCONF USA
91FGCU20149105255255255FLATLATC SUN
92FLORIDA INTNL20459819715011FLCONF USA
93FLORIDA STATE3144040168147107FLALC
94FORDHAM2131050255255255NYATLANTC 10
95FRESNO STATE219558662946128CAMNT WEST
96FURMAN15823105255255255SCSOUTHERN
97GARDNER WEBB11914455255255255NCBIG SOUTH
98GEORGE MASON101015725119743VAATLANTC 10
99GEORGE WASHINGTON264810125518535DCATLANTC 10
100GEORGETOWN4000126137139DCBIG EAST
101GEORGIA31453941255255255GASEC
102GEORGIA SOUTHERN105511715513172GASUN BELT
103GEORGIA STATE1093170255255255GASUN BELT
104GEORGIA TECH22531841922106GAALC
105GONZAGA3453397255255255WAWCC
106GRAMBLING STATE1161682481320LASOUTH WEST
107GREEN BAY1011181255255255WIHORIZON
108HAMPTON10103172229182125VAMDE
109HARTFORD21961748255255255CTAME
110HARVARD21965967000MAIVY LEAGUE
111HAWAII106649255255255HIBIG WEST
112HIGH POINT15243136170179184NCBIG SOUTH
113HOFSTRA178616425520727NYCL
114HOLY CROSS1273384255255255MAPTR
115HOUSTON2201834255255255TXAAC
116HOUSTON BAPTIST1082156255255255TXSOUTHLAND
117HOWARD1952122255255255DCMDE
118IDAHO STATE12502081000IDBIG SKY
119IDAHO116713336000IDBIG SKY
120ILLINOIS3245135602765120ILBIG 10
121ILLINOIS STATE12302349000ILMZV
122NEIU22225268255255255ILHORIZON
123INCARNATE WORD1000255255255TXSOUTHLAND
124INDIANA41684361255255255INBIG 10
125INDIANA STATE10102154255255255INMZV
126IONA114513825319313NYMDAT
127IOWA32552150000IABIG 10
128IOWA STATE2132104425420156IABIG 12
129PURDUE FT WAYNE12763149146148151INSUMMIT
130IUPUI11683148255255255INSUMMIT
131JACKSON STATE11850151255255255MSSOUTH WEST
132JACKSONVILLE10133104000FLATLATC SUN
133JACKSONVILLE A&M12296364255255255ALOHIO VAL
134JAMES MADISON1385715121316114VACL
135KANSAS40106181255255255KSBIG 12
136KANSAS STATE39949148255255255KSBIG 12
137KENNESAW STATE100024018016GAATLATC SUN
138KENT STATE119177324718910OHMDA
139KENTUCKY4051153255255255KYSEC
140LA SALLE2015762552420PAATLANTC 10
141LAFAYETTE1154036205189163PAPTR
142LAMAR12372746255255255TXSOUTHLAND
143LEHIGH1153718207171122PAPTR
144LIBERTY2241138255255255VABIG SOUTH
145LIPSCOMB11842101255255255TNATLATC SUN
146ST FRAN BROOKLYN2000255255255NYNTE
147LONG BEACH STATE22552040255255255CABIG WEST
148LONGWOOD1073144255255255VABIG SOUTH
149LOUISIANA TECH20106181255255255LACONF USA
150LOUISIANA LAFAYETTE12155171255255255LASUN BELT
151LOUISIANA MONROE1152146255255255LASUN BELT
152LOUISVILLE42531132255255255KYALC
153LOYOLA-CHICAGO1158146725119518ILMZV
154LMU2140041255255255CAWCC
155LOYOLA MARYLAND1110164255255255MDPTR
156LSU3253184395141123LASEC
157MAINE246141196000MEAME
158MANHATTAN18214057255255255NYMDAT
159MARIST12391822255255255NYMDAT
160MARQUETTE304712025318438WIBIG EAST
161MARSHALL218947255255255WVCONF USA
162MARYLAND3213043255255255MDBIG 10
163MARYLAND E. SHORE 1152146255255255MDMDE
164UMASS2159126255255255MAATLANTC 10
165MCNEESE STATE108215625521329LASOUTHLAND
166MEMPHIS34242155255255255TNAAC
167MERCER125512739255255255GASOUTHERN
168MIAMI219888255255255OHMDA
169MICHIGAN439356525019623MIBIG 10
170MICHIGAN STATE4286958255255255MIBIG 10
171MIDDLE TENN STATE10121194255255255TNCONF USA
172MILWAUKEE1688210224018050WIHORIZON
173MINNESOTA312712725524662MNBIG 10
174OLE MISS3255044044145MSSEC
175MISSISSIPPI STATE31183335255255255MSSEC
176MISS VALLEY15655255255255MSSOUTH WEST
177MISSOURI335313223217517MOSEC
178MISSOURI STATE19500255255255MOMZV
179MONMOUTH152468255255255NJMDAT
180MONTANA11172974255255255MTBIG SKY
181MONTANA STATE1211175126056117MTBIG SKY
182MOREHEAD STATE197916325521329KYOHIO VAL
183MORGAN STATE117113424412155MDMDE
184MT ST MARYS1085150255255255MDNTE
185MURRAY STATE1255224003372KYOHIO VAL
186NORTH CAROLINA STATE32391822255255255NCALC
187NAVY119224825218641MDPTR
188NEBRASKA2242023255255255NEBIG 10
189OMAHA1000255255255NESUMMIT
190NEVADA2216295255255255NVMNT WEST
191NEW HAMPSHIRE2073144255255255NHAME
192NEW MEXICO30002121669NMMNT WEST
193NEW MEXICO STATE11371822000NMWAC
194NEW ORLEANS14357134255255255LASOUTHLAND
195NIAGARA110532126255255255NYMDAT
196NICHOLLS11961848255255255LASOUTHLAND
197GRAND CANYON11680255255255255AZWAC
198NORFOLK STATE1410170VAMDE
199NORTH CAROLINA A&T15517025525599NCMDE
200NORTH CAROLINA CEN1136035255255255NCMDE
201NORTH DAKOTA1112457255255255NDBIG SKY
202NORTH DAKOTA STATE11644225418728NDSUMMIT
203NORTH FLORIDA11591581571084141FLATLATC SUN
204NORTH TEXAS2013361255255255TXCONF USA
205NORTH EASTERN120401255255255MACL
206NORTHERN ARIZONA1057118255255255AZBIG SKY
207NORTHERN COLORADO1198514124921069COBIG SKY
208NORTHERN ILLINOIS21513132411844ILMDA
209NORTHERN IOWA1715013022817447IAMZV
210NORTHERN KENTUCKY1000255255255KYATLATC SUN
211NORTHWESTERN25757150255255255ILBIG 10
212NORTH WESTERN STATE1734714524613240LASOUTHLAND
213NOTRE DAME3186160801843INALC
214OAKLAND100015313272MIHORIZON
215OHIO2419041255255255OHMDA
216OHIO STATE42224933255255255OHBIG 10
217OKLAHOMA3186052255255255OKBIG 12
218OKLAHOMA STATE30002551010OKBIG 12
219OLD DOMINION2080125255255255VACONF USA
220ORAL ROBERTS13200255255255OKSUMMIT
221OREGAN3469322442300ORPAC 12
222OREGAN STATE2174560023ORPAC 12
223PACIFIC224412032000CAWCC
224PENN STATE203893255255255PABIG 10
225PENN1842116172224PAIVY LEAGUE
226PEPPERDINE205811424512838CAWCC
227PITT305099255255255PAALC
228PORTLAND214378255255255ORWCC
229PORTLND STATE18000191207216ORBIG SKY
230PRAIRIE VIEW190249225518941TXSOUTH WEST
231PRESBYTERIAN12572150255255255SCBIG SOUTH
232PRINCETON235313224916158NJIVY LEAGUE
233PROVIDENCE3000255255255RIBIG EAST
234PURDUE200018415741INBIG 10
235QUNNIPIAC1186144042767CTMDAT
236RADFORD11882121255255255VABIG SOUTH
237RHODE ISLAND20538954145198RIATLANTC 10
238RICE2061125255255255TXCONF USA
239RICHMOND205086255255255VAATLANTC 10
240RIDER1168550000NJMDAT
241MERRIMACK1175284603377PANTE
242RUTGERS22385461255255255NJBIG 10
243SACRED HEART12061664255255255CTNTE
244ST LOUIS3083156255255255MOATLANTC 10
245SAM HOUSTON124714330353132TXSOUTHLAND
246SAMFORD1084133210212213ALSOUTHERN
247SAN DIEGO24715321203993CAWCC
248SAN DIEGO STATE23531321914455CAMNT WEST
249SAN FRANCISCO234826325522558CAWCC
250SAN JOSE STATE208814725519233CAMNT WEST
251UC SANTA CLARA21051111255255255CAWCC
252SAVANNAH STATE125500402152GAMDE
253SEATTLE11914626255255255WAWAC
254SEATON HALL2887177255255255NJBIG EAST
255SIENA131219725520923NYMDAT
256SIUE1188155106004ILOHIO VAL
257SMU22274756255255255TXAAC
258SOUTH ALABAMA1062126255255255ALSUN BELT
259SOUTH CAROLINA220500000SCSEC
260SOUTH CAROLINA STATE11262418000SCMDE
261SOUTH DAKOTA12051865000SDSUMMIT
262SOUTH DAKOTA STATE10931712552220SDSUMMIT
263SE MISSOURI STATE12265562000MOOHIO VAL
264SOUTH EASTERN LOUISIANA124018116011780LASOUTHLAND
265SOUTHERN ILLINOIS11334061000ILMZV
266SOUTHERN MISSISSIPPI225517060322829MSCONF USA
267SOUTHERN U10751512552052LASOUTH WEST
268SOUTHERN UTAH12094171567UTBIG SKY
269ST BONAVENTURE21123829254232171NYATLANTC 10
270ST FRANCIS-BROOKLYN11754130255255255NYNTE
271ST FRANCIS12442280255255255PANTE
272ST JOHNS32111769255255255NYBIG EAST
273ST JOSEPHS202000255255255CAWCC
275SAINT PETERS1076194482008NJMDAT
276STANFORD3168550255255255CAPAC 12
277STEPHEN F AUSTIN157571502385866TXSOUTHLAND
278STETSON1248828255255255FLATLATC SUN
279STONEY BOOK21795878255255255NYAME
280SYRACUSE424311533255255255NYALC
281TCU26055125235235235TXBIG 12
282TEMPLE2168550255255255PAAAC
283TENNESSEE323815039255255255TNSEC
284TENNESSEE STATE15660132255255255TNOHIO VAL
285TENNESSEE TECH190641532552220TNOHIO VAL
286TENNESSEE MARTIN1001532551030TNOHIO VAL
287TEXAS323811736255255255TXBIG 12
288TEXAS A&M292037255255255TXSEC
289TEXAS A&M-CORPUS CHRISTI10124196255255255TXSOUTHLAND
290TEXAS SOUTHERN110643255255255TXSOUTH WEST
291TEXAS STATE11166567255255255TXSUN BELT
292TEXAS TECH2200037000TXBIG 12
293RIO GRANDE VALLEY1220960255255255TXWAC
294TOLEDO125521329072143OHMDA
295TOWSON130282825519441MDCL
296TROY1174216255255255ALSUN BELT
297TULANE2088550166235LAAAC
298TULSA2067113255255255OKAAC
299ALABAMA BIRMINGHAM2567562311895ALCONF USA
300LITTLE ROCK100020315343ARSUN BELT
301UC DAVIS124539920315343CABIG WEST
302UC IRVINE10439225119445CABIG WEST
303UC RIVERSIDE120357920416631CABIG WEST
304UC SANTA BARBARA119616825120385CABIG WEST
305UCF218015290353132FLAAC
306UCLA409214225517937CAPAC 12
307UMBC234313125519314MDAME
308KANSAS CITY10841342552104MOWAC
309UNC ASHEVILLE12197153255255255NCBIG SOUTH
310NORTH CAROLINA A&T10538923019042NCSOUTHERN
311UNCW12947104253238139NCCL
312UNLV3213038353031NVMNT WEST
313USC3174374925517251CAPAC 12
314USC UPSTATE1011260255255255CAATLATC SUN
315SOUH FLORIDA20745416013977FLAAC
316UT ARLINGTON10751242174554TXSUN BELT
317TEXAS AT SAN ANTONIO20429224411533TXCONF USA
318UTAH32051665255255255UTPAC 12
319UTAH STATE205099255255255UTMNT WEST
320UTAH VALLEY107218232215102UTWAC
321UTEP20406724912059TXCONF USA
322VALPARAISO22552104121690INHORIZON
323VANDERBILT20001871419TNSEC
324VCU3000125125122VAATLANTC 10
325VERMONT21603625520614VTAME
326VILLANOVA31861124255255255PABIG EAST
327VIRGINIA3032782347515VAALC
328VMI1229455525519739VASOUTHERN
329VIRGINIA TECH31163545251176136VAALC
330WAGNER107258255255255NYNTE
331WAKE FORREST300019614968NCALC
332WASHINGTON34347100232212163WAPAC 12
333WASHINGTON STATE2151047255255255WAPAC 12
334WEBER STATE1418107255255255UTBIG SKY
335WEST VIRGINIA22551980000WVBIG 12
336WESTERN CAROLINA17347145255255255NCSOUTHERN
337WESTERN ILLINOIS11041818722325522ILSUMMIT
338WESTERN KENTUCKY12433238100KYCONF USA
339WESTERN MICHIGAN1126629255255255MIMDA
340WICHITA STATE22482124116168KSMZV
341WILLIAM & MARY116502325324728VACL
342WINTHROP1158111425517530SCBIG SOUTH
343WISCONSIN316000255255255WIBIG 10
344WOFFORD12552150000SCSOUTHERN
345WRIGHT STATE1011183255255255OHHORIZON
346WYOMING2835934255255255WYMNT WEST
347XAVIER203368255255255OHBIG EAST
348YALE2074129255255255CTIVY LEAGUE
349YOUNGSTOWN STATE12292555353132OHHORIZON
submitted by BryanOnAPC to CollegeBBallCoach [link] [comments]
QCIDNameReputationMainColorRMainColorGMainColorBSecColorRSecColorGSecColorBStateConference
1NORTH CAROLINA4158193255255255255NCALC
2MIAMI-FL3255510255255255FLALC
3ABILENE CHRISTIAN17748114255255255TXSOUTHLAND
4COLORADO SPRINGS12752155255255255COMNT WEST
5AKRON12281019415665OHMDA
6ALABAMA3168550255255255ALSEC
7ALABAMA A&M111700255255255ALSOUTH WEST
8ALABAMA STATE13531322542039ALSOUTH WEST
9ALBANY2252187136139119NYAME
10ALCORN STATE166974252245186MSSOUTH WEST
11AMERICAN U12061141255255255DCPTR
12APPALACHIAN STATE125519732000NCSUN BELT
13ARIZONA4122283255255255AZPAC 12
14ARIZONA STATE2150326125420139AZPAC 12
15ARKANSAS32051665255255255ARSEC
16ARKANSAS STATE12372746255255255ARSUN BELT
17AR-PIN BLUFF12381870000ARSOUTH WEST
18ARMY136373216713336NYPTR
19AURBURN3254510233464ALSEC
20AUSTN PEAY ST11421111255255255TNOHIO VAL
21BALL STATE121800255255255INMDA
22BAYLOR201347325519439TXBIG 12
23BELLMOUNT12323869255255255TNOHIO VAL
24BETHUNE-COOKMAN11322753255255255FLMDE
25BINGHAMTON2011183179181184NYAME
26BOISE STATE23148130204204204IDMNT WEST
27BOSTON COLLEGE21303030238232183MAALC
28BOSTON U11935666255255255MAPTR
29BOWLING GREEN17836024512163OHMDA
30BRADLEY22552126000ILMZV
31BROWN1138304255255255RIIVY LEAGUE
32BRYANT1112457165148116RINTE
33BUCKNELL1255112000100PAPTR
34BUFFALO10104180255255255NYMDA
35BUTLER3131997255255255INBIG EAST
36BRIGHAM YOUNG304598255255255UTWCC
37CAL POLY1186049255255255CABIG WEST
38CAL STATE BAKERSFIELD10931712552104CAWAC
39CAL STATE FULLERTON105510424614330CABIG WEST
40CSUN12051665255255255CABIG WEST
41SACRAMENTO STATE100025513749CABIG SKY
42CAL BERKELEY205510425522248CAPAC 12
43CAMPBELL125513749000NCBIG SOUTH
44CANISIUS12381781704089NYMDAT
45CENTRAL ARKANSAS17938131255255255ARSOUTHLAND
46CENTRAL CONNECTICUT12773162255255255CTNTE
47CENTRAL MICHIGAN21200622616283MIMDA
48COLLEGE OF CHARLESTON1106024181161114SCCL
49CHARLESTON SOUTHERN1068124255255255SCBIG SOUTH
50NC CHARLOTTE209949255255255NCCONF USA
51CHATTANOOGA123817917067123TNSOUTHERN
52CHICAGO STATE101030255255255ILWAC
53CINCINNATI3253038000OHAAC
54THE CITADEL104392255255255SCSOUTHERN
55CLEMSON32409620255255255SCALC
56CLEVELAND STATE108761000OHHORIZON
57COASTAL CAROLINA10146151255255255SCBIG SOUTH
58COLGATE1139129255255255NYPTR
59COLORADO200019817199COPAC 12
60COLORADO STATE2761309416613235COMNT WEST
61COLUMBIA1075133124194241NYIVY LEAGUE
62UCONN4102990255255255CTAAC
63COPPIN STATE146491462552450MDMDE
64CORNELL1214039255255255NYIVY LEAGUE
65CREIGHTON2254517024218059NEBIG EAST
66DARTMOUTH108748255255255NHIVY LEAGUE
67DAVIDSON22292555000NCATLANTC 10
68DAYTON2231882126102OHATLANTC 10
69DELAWARE11831552552210DECL
70DELEWA STATE124126451169239DEMDE
71DENVER1152046170151108COSUMMIT
72DEPAUL230551582077779ILBIG EAST
73DETROIT1229255528100164MIHORIZON
74DRAKE1083160180182184IAMZV
75DREXEL1119625522062PACL
76DUKE4076125255255255NCALC
77DUQUENSE2519217604598PAATLANTC 10
78EASTERN CAROLINA2255206407431104NCAAC
79ETSU129116319014852TNSOUTHERN
80EASTERN ILLINOIS1000255255255ILOHIO VAL
81EASTERN KENTUCKY11151139255255255KYOHIO VAL
82EASTERN MICHIGAN2119536255255255MIMDA
83EASTERN WASHINGTON12154652255255255WABIG SKY
84ELON11440017416496NCCL
85EVANSVILLE11025115325510715INMZV
86FAIRFIELD12124115241717CTMDAT
87FAIRLEIGH DICKSON1072152255255255NJNTE
88FLORIDA43357206255668FLSEC
89FLORIDA A&M101818224815140FLMDE
90FLORIDA ATLANTIC1075133255255255FLCONF USA
91FGCU20149105255255255FLATLATC SUN
92FLORIDA INTNL20459819715011FLCONF USA
93FLORIDA STATE3144040168147107FLALC
94FORDHAM2131050255255255NYATLANTC 10
95FRESNO STATE219558662946128CAMNT WEST
96FURMAN15823105255255255SCSOUTHERN
97GARDNER WEBB11914455255255255NCBIG SOUTH
98GEORGE MASON101015725119743VAATLANTC 10
99GEORGE WASHINGTON264810125518535DCATLANTC 10
100GEORGETOWN4000126137139DCBIG EAST
101GEORGIA31453941255255255GASEC
102GEORGIA SOUTHERN105511715513172GASUN BELT
103GEORGIA STATE1093170255255255GASUN BELT
104GEORGIA TECH22531841922106GAALC
105GONZAGA3453397255255255WAWCC
106GRAMBLING STATE1161682481320LASOUTH WEST
107GREEN BAY1011181255255255WIHORIZON
108HAMPTON10103172229182125VAMDE
109HARTFORD21961748255255255CTAME
110HARVARD21965967000MAIVY LEAGUE
111HAWAII106649255255255HIBIG WEST
112HIGH POINT15243136170179184NCBIG SOUTH
113HOFSTRA178616425520727NYCL
114HOLY CROSS1273384255255255MAPTR
115HOUSTON2201834255255255TXAAC
116HOUSTON BAPTIST1082156255255255TXSOUTHLAND
117HOWARD1952122255255255DCMDE
118IDAHO STATE12502081000IDBIG SKY
119IDAHO116713336000IDBIG SKY
120ILLINOIS3245135602765120ILBIG 10
121ILLINOIS STATE12302349000ILMZV
122NEIU22225268255255255ILHORIZON
123INCARNATE WORD1000255255255TXSOUTHLAND
124INDIANA41684361255255255INBIG 10
125INDIANA STATE10102154255255255INMZV
126IONA114513825319313NYMDAT
127IOWA32552150000IABIG 10
128IOWA STATE2132104425420156IABIG 12
129PURDUE FT WAYNE12763149146148151INSUMMIT
130IUPUI11683148255255255INSUMMIT
131JACKSON STATE11850151255255255MSSOUTH WEST
132JACKSONVILLE10133104000FLATLATC SUN
133JACKSONVILLE A&M12296364255255255ALOHIO VAL
134JAMES MADISON1385715121316114VACL
135KANSAS40106181255255255KSBIG 12
136KANSAS STATE39949148255255255KSBIG 12
137KENNESAW STATE100024018016GAATLATC SUN
138KENT STATE119177324718910OHMDA
139KENTUCKY4051153255255255KYSEC
140LA SALLE2015762552420PAATLANTC 10
141LAFAYETTE1154036205189163PAPTR
142LAMAR12372746255255255TXSOUTHLAND
143LEHIGH1153718207171122PAPTR
144LIBERTY2241138255255255VABIG SOUTH
145LIPSCOMB11842101255255255TNATLATC SUN
146ST FRAN BROOKLYN2000255255255NYNTE
147LONG BEACH STATE22552040255255255CABIG WEST
148LONGWOOD1073144255255255VABIG SOUTH
149LOUISIANA TECH20106181255255255LACONF USA
150LOUISIANA LAFAYETTE12155171255255255LASUN BELT
151LOUISIANA MONROE1152146255255255LASUN BELT
152LOUISVILLE42531132255255255KYALC
153LOYOLA-CHICAGO1158146725119518ILMZV
154LMU2140041255255255CAWCC
155LOYOLA MARYLAND1110164255255255MDPTR
156LSU3253184395141123LASEC
157MAINE246141196000MEAME
158MANHATTAN18214057255255255NYMDAT
159MARIST12391822255255255NYMDAT
160MARQUETTE304712025318438WIBIG EAST
161MARSHALL218947255255255WVCONF USA
162MARYLAND3213043255255255MDBIG 10
163MARYLAND E. SHORE 1152146255255255MDMDE
164UMASS2159126255255255MAATLANTC 10
165MCNEESE STATE108215625521329LASOUTHLAND
166MEMPHIS34242155255255255TNAAC
167MERCER125512739255255255GASOUTHERN
168MIAMI219888255255255OHMDA
169MICHIGAN439356525019623MIBIG 10
170MICHIGAN STATE4286958255255255MIBIG 10
171MIDDLE TENN STATE10121194255255255TNCONF USA
172MILWAUKEE1688210224018050WIHORIZON
173MINNESOTA312712725524662MNBIG 10
174OLE MISS3255044044145MSSEC
175MISSISSIPPI STATE31183335255255255MSSEC
176MISS VALLEY15655255255255MSSOUTH WEST
177MISSOURI335313223217517MOSEC
178MISSOURI STATE19500255255255MOMZV
179MONMOUTH152468255255255NJMDAT
180MONTANA11172974255255255MTBIG SKY
181MONTANA STATE1211175126056117MTBIG SKY
182MOREHEAD STATE197916325521329KYOHIO VAL
183MORGAN STATE117113424412155MDMDE
184MT ST MARYS1085150255255255MDNTE
185MURRAY STATE1255224003372KYOHIO VAL
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2023.03.19 17:35 navjotjsingh The Complete List of HBO Original Titles leaving Hotstar
2023.03.19 14:39 No_Competition4897 [HIRING] 25 Jobs in PA Hiring Now!
2023.03.19 03:53 longbeachlocale 🚨 City Council Meeting • March 21, 2023 • 5:00 PM 🚨
🗓 Date: March 21, 2023 @ 5PM
🗺 Location: Long Beach Civic Center411 W. Ocean Boulevard
📺 LiveStream (YouTube): https://www.youtube.com/c/LongBeachTelevision
📺 Live Stream (City Website): https://longbeach.granicus.com/ViewPublisher.php?view_id=84
ℹ️ Details: https://longbeach.legistar.com/MeetingDetail.aspx?ID=1088285&GUID=61CA9A58-57C4-463B-B8DB-6721C8FB6B9F&Options=info&Search=
📄 Agenda (PDF): https://longbeach.legistar.com/View.ashx?M=A&ID=1088285&GUID=61CA9A58-57C4-463B-B8DB-6721C8FB6B9F
🗣eComment: https://longbeach.granicusideas.com/meetings/3957-city-council-revised/agenda_items
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Supplemental Memorandum - Corrections and/or additions to the City Council Agenda as of 12:00 noon, Friday, March 17, 2023.
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Recommendation to declare ordinance amending the Long Beach Municipal Code by repealing Section 2.06.060 related to compensation of members of advisory bodies, and amending Section 2.18.050 related to general regulations of advisory bodies, read the first time and laid over to the next regular meeting of the City Council for final reading; and
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submitted by longbeachlocale to LongBeachCA [link] [comments]
🗺 Location: Long Beach Civic Center411 W. Ocean Boulevard
📺 LiveStream (YouTube): https://www.youtube.com/c/LongBeachTelevision
📺 Live Stream (City Website): https://longbeach.granicus.com/ViewPublisher.php?view_id=84
ℹ️ Details: https://longbeach.legistar.com/MeetingDetail.aspx?ID=1088285&GUID=61CA9A58-57C4-463B-B8DB-6721C8FB6B9F&Options=info&Search=
📄 Agenda (PDF): https://longbeach.legistar.com/View.ashx?M=A&ID=1088285&GUID=61CA9A58-57C4-463B-B8DB-6721C8FB6B9F
🗣eComment: https://longbeach.granicusideas.com/meetings/3957-city-council-revised/agenda_items
Agenda Item
CD 5 - Contribution in Support of the Fix Project
Item #1 • File #23-0231 (Details, PDF)Sponsors:
- Councilwoman Megan Kerr, Fifth District
CD4 - Funds Transfer Little Lion Foundation
Item #2 • File #23-0232 (Details, PDF)Sponsors:
- Councilman Daryl Supernaw, Fourth District
CD2, 4 - Fund Transfer to Cambodia Town, Inc.
Item #3 • File #23-0233 (Details, PDF)Sponsors:
- Vice Mayor Cindy Allen, Second District
- Councilman Daryl Supernaw, Fourth District
CD 8 - Fund Transfers for Community Events & Scholarships
Item #4 • File #23-0234 (Details, PDF)Sponsors:
- Councilman Al Austin, Eighth District
CC - Minutes
Item #5 • File #23-0235 (Details, PDF)Sponsors:
- City Clerk
CC - Damage Claims
Item #6 • File #23-0236 (Details, PDF)Sponsors:
- City Clerk
ER - Long Beach Unit Annual Plan (July 1, 2023 - June 30, 2024)
Item #8 • File #23-0238 (Details, PDF)Sponsors:
- Energy Resources
ER - Modification and Supplement of the Long Beach Unit Annual Plan
Item #9 • File #23-0239 (Details, PDF)Sponsors:
- Energy Resources
ER - Elevation Changes Nov 2021-October 2022
Item #10 • File #23-0240 (Details, PDF)Sponsors:
- Energy Resources
PRM - Fee waiver – Navy Yacht Club D3
Item #22 • File #23-0252 (Details, PDF)Sponsors:
- Parks, Recreation and Marine
PRM - Fee waiver – Long Beach Yacht Club D3
Item #23 • File #23-0253 (Details, PDF)Sponsors:
- Parks, Recreation and Marine
PRM - Fee waiver – Seal Beach Yacht Club D3
Item #24 • File #23-0254 (Details, PDF)Sponsors:
- Parks, Recreation and Marine
PD - Officer Wellness and Mental Health Program Grant
Item #25 • File #23-0255 (Details, PDF)Sponsors:
- Police
PW - Colorado Lagoon SCE Easement D3
Item #26 • File #23-0256 (Details, PDF)Sponsors:
- Public Works
PW - Easement deed at 5599 Atlantic Ave. for the installation of public utilities D8
Item #27 • File #23-0257 (Details, PDF)Sponsors:
- Public Works
M - Training Module for City Commissioners & Board Members
Item #31 • File #23-0260 (Details, PDF)Sponsors:
- Mayor Rex Richardson
PD - PD Communications Presentation
Item #34 • File #23-0263 (Details, PDF)Sponsors:
- Police
César Chávez Day & Dolores Huerta Day Proclamation
Item #40 • File #23-0272 (Details, PDF)Sponsors:
- Councilwoman Mary Zendejas, First District
- Councilmember Roberto Uranga, Seventh District
Long Beach Sankranta 2023
Item #41 • File #23-0273 (Details, PDF)Sponsors:
- Councilmember Roberto Uranga, Seventh District
Fund Transfers to Support Community Events
Item #42 • File #23-0274 (Details, PDF)Sponsors:
- Vice Mayor Cindy Allen, Second District
Presentation - Sankranta 2023
Item #43 • File #23-0275 (Details, PDF)Sponsors:
- Councilwoman Suely Saro, Sixth District
Homelessness Emergency Declaration
Item #44 • File #23-0276 (Details, PDF)Sponsors:
- City Manager
sup memo
Item # • File #23-0277 (Details, PDF)Supplemental Memorandum - Corrections and/or additions to the City Council Agenda as of 12:00 noon, Friday, March 17, 2023.
Contract
DPREP/FD/PD - Homeland Security FEMA grant
Item #7 • File #23-0237 (Details, PDF)Sponsors:
- Disaster Preparedness and Emergency Communications
- Fire
- Police
FM - Ray Gaskin - Contract for Ford F-550 truck for Clean Team
Item #11 • File #23-0241 (Details, PDF)Sponsors:
- Financial Management
DHHS - Agrmnts w/CSULB, LBCC and WCU for student field placement, internship
Item #18 • File #23-0248 (Details, PDF)Sponsors:
- Health and Human Services
DHHS - Heathvana to provide COVID-19 test patient results reporting svcs
Item #19 • File #23-0249 (Details, PDF)Sponsors:
- Health and Human Services
DHHS - CITED Program for Enhanced Care Management (ECM) and CalAIM
Item #20 • File #23-0250 (Details, PDF)Sponsors:
- Health and Human Services
DHHS - 2023 Continuum of Care for Homeless Assistance Program
Item #21 • File #23-0251 (Details, PDF)Sponsors:
- Health and Human Services
TI/PW - CAV and a Cooperative Intelligent Transportation System (C-ITS)
Item #28 • File #23-0258 (Details, PDF)Sponsors:
- Technology and Innovation
- Public Works
PRM - Grant for Davies Boat Launching Facility project D3
Item #33 • File #23-0262 (Details, PDF)Sponsors:
- Parks, Recreation and Marine
- Public Works
Resolution
FM - Purchase of two Volvo L120H Wheel Loader tractors
Item #12 • File #23-0242 (Details, PDF)Sponsors:
- Financial Management
FM - Arizona Machinery - Purchase of two John Deere tractors
Item #13 • File #23-0243 (Details, PDF)Sponsors:
- Financial Management
FM - LCPtracker for certified payroll reporting/labor compliance
Item #14 • File #23-0244 (Details, PDF)Sponsors:
- Financial Management
FM - Velocity Truck Center - Contract for two BEV Crane Carrier LNT-26 trucks
Item #15 • File #23-0245 (Details, PDF)Sponsors:
- Financial Management
FM/DPREP - Purchase of a mobile command center
Item #16 • File #23-0246 (Details, PDF)Sponsors:
- Financial Management
- Disaster Preparedness and Emergency Communications
DHHS - Contract for as-needed medical surgical supplies/Pharmaceuticas
Item #17 • File #23-0247 (Details, PDF)Sponsors:
- Health and Human Services
PD - Carry Concealed Weapon (CCW) License Fees
Item #30 • File #23-0259 (Details, PDF)Sponsors:
- Police
FM - Impact Fees
Item #32 • File #23-0261 (Details, PDF)Sponsors:
- Financial Management
CA - Reso Advisory bodies
Item # • File #23-0266 (Details, PDF)Sponsors:
- City Attorney
Public Hearing
DS - Appeal of 5910 Cherry Ave. Car Wash D9
Item #29 • File #23-0104 (Details, PDF)Sponsors:
- Development Services
Ordinance
CA - Amending Long Beach Municipal Code - Adding Chapter 9.28
Item #35 • File #23-0264 (Details, PDF)Sponsors:
- City Attorney
CA - Advisory bodies & amending Section 2.06.060
Item #36 • File #23-0265 (Details, PDF)Recommendation to declare ordinance amending the Long Beach Municipal Code by repealing Section 2.06.060 related to compensation of members of advisory bodies, and amending Section 2.18.050 related to general regulations of advisory bodies, read the first time and laid over to the next regular meeting of the City Council for final reading; and
CA - COVID-19 LB Health Orders
Item #37 • File #23-0223 (Details, PDF)Sponsors:
- City Attorney
CA - Flavored Tobacco Products
Item #38 • File #23-0224 (Details, PDF)Sponsors:
- City Attorney
Harbor - Mark Bixby Path
Item #39 • File #23-0228 (Details, PDF)Sponsors:
- Harbor
2023.03.19 02:33 tunicsandleggimgs15 Super Mario Bros will sell very well, if the early open caption advance sales are any indication.
Here's advance open caption sales data for Super Mario Bros, which arrives in theaters on Wednesday, April 5. The data is for April 5 through April 9 and with almost 200 open caption screenings already having sold at least one ticket this far in advance, am calling it - this will sell very well, and may even attain blockbuster status. In the listing below, "sold" is in bold text to make it easier to get an idea of how well advance open caption sales are going. Check back later for more states' data.
Edit 2: All states now added and post updated with added data. Now almost 200 OC screenings with seats pre-sold.
Edit: If you found this post via Reddit, it is a post in the young but growing sub opencaptions.
Alabama:
AMC Mobile, April 5 (1 sold), 6, 7, 8, 9 3:00 pm
AMC Patton Creek, April 7, 1:30 pm, April 8 3:45 pm, April 9 8:15 pm
AMC Summit, April 5, 6, 6:45 pm, April 7, 5:30 pm, April 8, 5:00 pm, April 9 5:00 pm
AMC Valley Bend, April 7,8,9 5:00 pm
Arizona:
AMC Ahwatukee, April 5 (6 sold),6 4:30 pm. April 7,8 2:30 pm. April 9 2:30, 3:30 pm.
AMC Arizona Center, April 5, 5:00 pm, April 6, 2:30 pm, April 7, 12:00 pm, April 8, 9, 2:30 pm
AMC Dine-in Desert Ridge, April 7, 8, 9 4:30 pm
AMC Foothills, April 5,6 6:30 pm, April 7, 8, 9 11:30 am
AMC Mesa Grand, April 5,6 7:15 pm, April 7, 8, 9 11:45 am
AMC Surprise Pointe, April 5 (3 sold), 6, 7, 8, 9 5:30 pm
AMC Westgate, April 5, 4:00 pm (4 sold), April 6, 6:45 pm, April 7, 4:00 pm, April 8, 1:15 pm, April 9, 6:45 pm
California:
AMC Bay Street, April 5, 11:30 am, April 6, 2:00 pm, April 7,8,9 12:30 pm
AMC Brentwood, April 5, 4:20 pm, April 6, 7:00 pm, April 7, 4:20 pm, April 8 1:40 pm, April 9, 7:00 pm
AMC Burbank, April 5,6 1:00 pm, April 7,8,9 (2 sold) 11:30 am
AMC Century City, April 5,6 12:40 pm, April 7,8 (3 sold),9 1:40 pm
AMC Covina, April 5,6, 4:00 pm, April 7,8 (9 sold) 1:30 pm, April 9, 1:00 pm
AMC Del Amo, April 5, 9:15 pm, April 6, 5:45 pm, April 7 (1 sold),8,9 10:10 am
AMC Fashion Valley, April 5,6 3:15 pm, April 7,8 (22 sold),9 3:30 pm
AMC Dine-in Fullerton, April 6 (6 sold), 3:30 pm, April 7 (7 sold), 8 (7 sold), 9 (4 sold) 1:00 pm
AMC Manteca, April 5 (2 sold), 12:45 pm, April 6, 6:30 pm, April 7, 12:45 pm, April 8, 6:45 pm, April 9, 1:45 pm
AMC Mercado, April 5,6 (7 sold), 7, 8 (2 sold), 9 (5 sold) 2:30 pm
AMC Metreon, April 6, 1:30 pm, April 7, 8, 9 12:15 pm
AMC Newpark, April 5,6,7,8,9 2:30 pm
AMC Norwalk, April 5,6, 5:00 pm, April 7, 11;00 am, April 8, 2;00 pm, April 9, 8:00 pm
AMC Orange, April 5,6, 1:00 pm, April 7,8,9 3:15 pm
AMC Puente Hills, April 5 (2 sold),6(5 sold),7,8,9 1:30 pm
AMC Rolling Hills, April 5,6,4:10 pm, April 7,8,9 2:40 pm
AMC Santa Anita, April 5 (10 sold),6 5:00 pm, April 7, 3:30 pm, April 8 (4 sold),9 12:45 pm
AMC Saratoga, April 5 (1 sold), 2:45 pm, April 6 (1 sold), 5:15 pm, April 7 (3 sold), 6:15 pm, April 8 (1 sold), 3:45 pm, April 9 (1 sold), 5:15 pm
AMC The Americana at Brand, April 5 (11 sold),6 3:30 pm, April 7,8,9 1:00 pm
AMC The Grove, April 5 (7 sold), 1:00 pm
AMC Dine-in Thousand Oaks, April 5,6 1:30 pm, April 7, 4:00 pm, April 8, 4:30 pm
AMC Tustin, April 7 (4 sold), 1:30 pm, April 8, 9, 12:45 pm
AMC Tyler, April 5,6,7,8 (2 sold),9 (1 sold) 1:30 pm
AMC Universal, April 6 (8 sold), 6:30 pm, April 7 (4 sold), 2:30 pm, April 8 (5 sold), 2:45 pm, April 9, 2:30 pm
AMC UTC 14, April 5,6,7,8,9 5:45 pm
Colorado:
AMC9+CO10, April 5,6, 5:30 pm, April 9 (2 sold), 10:00 am, 2:30 pm
AMC Arapahoe Crossing, April 5 (2 sold),6 2:00 pm, April 7, 3:00 pm, April 8, 3:00 pm, April 9, 2:00 pm
AMC Bowles Crossing, April 5 (4 sold),6 1:40 pm, April 7 (2 sold), 3:55 pm, April 8, 6:30 pm, April 9, 7:30 pm
AMC Brighton, April 5 (4 sold),6 2:30 pm, April 7, 1:30 pm, April 8,9 10:00 pm
AMC Castle Rock, April 9, 4:30 pm
AMC Chapel Hills, April 5 (6 sold), 5:15 pm, April 6, 3:00 pm, April 7, 2:30 pm, April 8, 7:45 pm, April 9, 5:15 pm
AMC Dine-in Southlands, April 7, 11:00 am
AMC Flatiron Crossing, April 5 (2 sold),6 7:25 pm, April 7, 7:00 pm, April 8,9 1:30 pm
AMC Twenty Mile, April 5 (3 sold), 1:30 pm, April 6, 3:30 pm, April 7, 1:00 pm, April 8,9 3:30 pm
AMC Westminster Promenade, April 5 (4 sold), 1:00 pm, April 6, 1:30 pm, April 7, 11:45 am, April 8, 11:20 am, April 9, 11:45 am
Cinemark Century 16 Bel Mar, April 8, 5:30 pm
Cinemark Century Aurora, April 9, 3:20 pm
Cinemark Century Boulder, April 8, 3:10 pm
Cinemark Fort Collins, April 8, 3:50 pm
Cinemark Greeley Mall, April 9, 2:00 pm
Cinemark Tinseltown Pueblo, April 8 (1 sold), 3:50 pm
Cinemark Tinseltown USA & XD, April 8, 2:35 pm
Connecticut:
AMC Danbury, April 5,6 5:15 pm, April 7, 3:30 pm, April 8, 6:00 pm, April 9, 12:45 pm
AMC Plainville, April 5,6 2:00 pm
DC:
AMC Georgetown, April 5 (5 sold),6 (2 sold) 6:00 pm, April 7 (2 sold), 4:30 pm, April 8 (24 sold), 2:00 pm, April 9, 4:30 pm
Delaware:
Cinemark Christiana, April 5,6 2:45 pm, April 7 (5 sold), 8:45 pm, April 8,9 2:45 pm
Florida:
AMC Altamonte Mall, April 5,6 4:15 pm, April 7,8 (2 sold),9 12:30 pm
AMC Aventura, April 5, 2:30 pm, April 6, 5:00 pm, April 7,8 6:00 pm, April 9, 8:45 pm
AMC Avenue, April 5,6,7 2:30 pm, April 8,9 11:30 am
AMC Dine-in Disney Springs, April 5, (1 sold) 12:00 pm, April 6 (1 sold), 2:15 pm, April 7, 5:00 pm, April 8, 12:00 pm, April 9, 2:15 pm
AMC Indian River, April 5, 6:00 pm, April 7,8 1:30 pm, April 9, 11:00 am
AMC Lake Square, April 5 (2 sold), 6:00 pm, April 6, 3:00 pm, April 7, 6:00 pm, April 8 (11 sold), 3:00 pm, April 9, 1:00 pm
AMC Merchants Crossing, April 7,8,9 3:00 pm
AMC Orange Park, April 5, 1:30 pm, April 6, 6:30 pm, April 7, 1:30 pm, April 8, 7:00 pm, April 9, 1:30 pm
AMC Port St Lucie, April 5 (5 sold),6 3:35 pm, April 7, 1:00 pm, April 8, 12:00 pm, April 9 11:30 am
AMC Regency 24, April 5 (1 sold),6, 6:45 pm, April 7, 6:30 pm, April 8, 9 11:45 am
AMC Sunset Place, April 5,6,7,8 (5 sold),9 1:00 pm
AMC Tallahassee, April 5 (2 sold), 6:00 pm, April 7, 3:30 pm, April 8, 8:30 pm, April 9, 1:00 pm
AMC Tamiami, April 5 (11 sold),6, 3:00 pm, April 7, 8 (22 sold), 9 (9 sold) 12:00 pm
AMC The Regency 20, April 5 (3 sold), 4:45 pm, April 6, 6:00 pm, April 7, 4:15 pm April 8, 3:45 pm, April 9, 6:00 pm
AMC Veterans, April 5, 2:00 pm, April 6, 4:30 pm, April 7,8 (4 sold), 2;00 pm, April 9, 9:30 pm
AMC West Shore, April 5, 4:00 pm, April 6, 6:30 pm, April 7, 10:30 am, April 8, 1;00 pm, April 9, 3:30 pm
AMC Woodlands Square, April 5, 12:30 pm, April 6 (2 sold), 5:30 pm, April 7,8,9 11:15 am
Georgia:
AMC North DeKalb, April 5,6 3:30 pm, April 7,8,9 1:00 pm
AMC Barrett Commons, April 5,6, 3:15 pm, April 7,8,9 (1 sold) 1:50 pm
AMC Conyers Crossing, April 5 (2 sold),6,7,8,9 2:30 pm
AMC Parkway Pointe, April 5,6 2:15 pm, April 7,8,9 3:15 pm
AMC Southlake, April 5, 2:45 pm, 7:15 pm, April 6, 2:45 pm, April 7,8,9 4:15 pm
Illinois:
AMC Champaign, April 5, 4:30 pm, April 6, 4:00 pm, 7:00 pm
AMC Crestwood, April 5,6 7:45 pm, April 7,8,9 2:00 pm
AMC Edwardsville, April 5,6 4:00 pm, April 7,8,9 1:45 pm
AMC Naperville, April 5, 6:00 pm, April 6, 1:15 pm, April 7, 9:00 pm, April 8 (3 sold), 1:00 pm, April 9, 3:30 pm
AMC Dine-in-Northbrook, April 5,6 (4 sold),7 (22 sold),8 (3 sold),9 (5 sold) 2:00 pm
AMC Quarry Cinemas, April 5 (5 sold),6,7,8,9 3:30 pm
AMC River East, April 7, 12:30 pm, April 8, 2:30 pm, April 9, 12:00 pm
AMC Rockford, April 5, 4:30 pm, April 6, 6:00 pm, April 7,8,9 1:00 pm
AMC South Barrington, April 7,8,9 5:15 pm
AMC Streets of Woodfield, April 5, 5:30 pm, April 6, 5:30 pm, 8:00 pm, April 7, 3:00 pm, April 8, 11:00 am, April 9, 10:00 am
AMC Village Crossing, April 5, 1:30 pm (possible error), April 6,7 4:00 pm, April 8, 6:30 pm, April 9, 4:00 pm
AMC Dine-in Yorktown, April 5 (4 sold),6,7,8,9 (5 sold) 3:00 pm
Indiana:
AMC Castleton Square, April 5,6 6:15 pm, April 7,8 6:30 pm, April 9, 7:15 pm
AMC Evansville, April 5, 8:00 pm, April 6, 5:30 pm, April 7, 5:15 pm, April 8, 2:45 pm, April 9, 7:45 pm
AMC Indianapolis, April 5,6, 2:30 pm, April 7,8,9 (4 sold) 12:15 pm
AMC Schererville, April 5 (3 sold),6,7,8,9 (5 sold) 4:30 pm
AMC South Bend, April 5 (3 sold), 6:00 pm, April 6, 4:30 pm, April 7, 5:30 pm, April 8, 2:30 pm, April 9, 8:30 pm
Iowa:
AMC Council Bluffs, April 5, 6:30 pm, April 6, 3:45 pm, April 7, 3:00 pm, April 8, 12:15 pm, April 9, 8:30 pm
Marcus Sycamore, April 9 (2 sold), 3:00 pm
Kansas:
AMC Dine-in Studio 28, April 5,6 6:30 pm, April 7, 7:30 pm, April 8,9 2:00 pm
AMC Town Center, April 5, 1:30 pm (possible error), April 6, 6:15 pm, April 7, 1:00 pm, April 8, 3:00 pm, April 9 (4 sold), 11:30 am
Kentucky:
AMC Stonybrook, April 5 (6 sold), 4:30 pm, April 6, 4:00 pm, April 7, 5:05 pm, April 8, 3:00 pm, April 9, 1:00 pm
AMC Newport on the Levee, April 5 (1 sold), 3:30 pm, April 7, 3:00 pm, April 8, 12:15 pm, April 9, 5:15 pm
Louisiana:
AMC Elmwood Palace, April 5,6 3:15 pm, April 7,8,9 5:45 pm
AMC Mall of Louisiana, April 5,6 4:00 pm, April 7,8, 9 1:30 pm
Maryland:
AMC Columbia, April 9, 2:45 pm
AMC Dine-in Rio, April 7,8 (4 sold) 10:30 am
AMC Magic Johnson Capital Center, April 5,6 7:30 pm, April 7,8, 4:30 pm, April 9, 3:00 pm
AMC Montgomery, April 5,6 1:30 pm, April 7,8,9 11:30 am
AMC Owings Mills, April 7,8 (5 sold) 1:00 pm
AMC Wheaton Mall, April 5 (3 sold),6,7,8,9 2:15 pm
AMC White Marsh, April 5 (4 sold), 1:00 pm, April 6, 3:30 pm, April 7 (4 sold), 6:00 pm, April 8, 8:30 pm, April 9, 1:00 pm
Cinemark Egyptian, April 9, 4:05 pm
Cinemark Towson, April 8, 3:30 pm (23 sold)
Cinemark Towson, April 8, 3:30 pm (Reserve)
Massachusetts:
AMC Boston Common, April 5, 4:45 pm, April 6, 9:45 pm, April 7, 4:45 pm, April 8, 9:45 pm, April 9, 4:45 pm
AMC Methuen, April 5,6, 2:30 pm, April 7, 8 (2 sold), 9 (2 sold) 10:30 am
Michigan:
AMC Forum, April 5,6 6:30 pm, April 7, 8, 9 (3 sold) 4:30 pm
AMC Grand Rapids, April 5 (13 sold),6 (4 sold), 3:00 pm, April 7,8,9 12:30 pm
AMC Livonia, April 5,6 5:30 pm, April 7,8,9 6:15 pm
Celebration Cinema Crossroads, April 9 (4 sold), 1:15 pm
Celebration Cinema Studio C Meridan Mall, April 5, 9:00 pm, April 9 (2 sold), 1:30 pm
Minnesota:
AMC Inver Grove, April 5, 3:45 pm, April 6, 6:30 pm, April 7, 3:45 pm, April 8 (6 sold), 6:30 pm, April 9, 3:45 pm
AMC Coon Rapids, April 5 (7 sold),6 (6 sold) 4:00 pm, April 7 (3 sold),8 5:00 pm, April 9, 4:00 pm
AMC Eden Prairie, April 8,9 (6 sold) 2:45 pm
Emagine Rogers, April 9, 2:30 pm, 5:30 pm
Marcus Hastings, April 9, 3:05 pm
Missouri:
AMC Barrywoods, April 5, 6:00 pm, April 6, 4:00 pm, April 7, 6:00 pm, April 8, 1:00 pm, April 9, 10:30 am
AMC Springfield, April 7, 12:30 pm, April 8, 9:00 pm, April 9, 3:00 pm
Nevada:
AMC Town Square, April 5 (2 sold),6 (3 sold),7,8,9 5:20 pm
New Jersey:
AMC Cherry Hill, April 5,6,7 (3 sold),8,9 6:00 pm (possible error)
AMC Clifton Commons, April 5,6 (15 sold) 5:15 pm, April 7,8,9 12:45 pm
AMC Garden State Plaza, April 5,6,7,8 11:30 am
AMC Jersey Gardens, April 5,6 2:30 pm, April 7, 8, 9 11:45 am
AMC Monmouth Mall, April 5 (3 sold),6,7,8,9 7:15 pm
AMC New Brunswick, April 5,6 6:00 pm, April 7, 12:30 pm, April 8,9 12:00 pm
AMC Rockaway, April 5,6 3:00 pm, April 7,8 (14 sold),9 12:15 pm
AMC Voorhees, April 7,8,9 1:15 pm
New York:
NYC
AMC 19th Street, April 5 (2 sold),6 (1 sold) 4:00 pm, April 8 (6 sold),9 1:30 pm
AMC 34th Street, April 5, 9:00 pm, April 8,9, 11:40 am
AMC 84th Street, April 5 (8 sold), 6:25 pm, April 6, 8:45 pm, April 8 (4 sold), 12:50 pm, April 9 (36 sold), 3:10 pm
AMC Bay Plaza, April 8 (13 sold), 12:45 pm, April 9, 6:15 pm
AMC Bay Terrace, April 8 (55 sold), 4:00 pm, April 9, 1:30 pm
AMC Dine-in Staten Island, April 5, 2:00 pm, April 8, 11:30 am, April 9, 8:15 pm
AMC Empire, April 6, 12:00 pm, 7:30 pm, April 8, 12:00 pm, April 9, 5:00 pm
AMC Fresh Meadows, April 5 (1 sold), 6:00 pm, April 6 (3 sold), 1;00 pm, April 7 (8 sold), 8:00 pm, April 8 (15 sold), 3:00 pm
AMC Kips Bay, April 5, 2:30 pm, April 6, 2:15 pm, April 7 (2 sold),8 (1 sold),9 12:00 pm
AMC Lincoln Square, April 8 (2 sold), 11:30 am, April 9, 12:30 pm
AMC Magic Johnson Harlem, April 8, 5:30 pm, April 9, 8:00 pm
AMC Orpheum, April 5 (9 sold), 5:00 pm, April 6, 6:15 pm, April 7, 8:30 pm, April 9, 12:45 pm
AMC Stony Brook, April 6,7,8 (4 sold),9 1:00 pm
AMC Village, April 6 (7 sold), 7:30 pm, April 8 (8 sold), 9, 12:00 pm
Alamo Drafthouse Downtown Brooklyn, April 8 (28 sold), 1:40 pm
Regal Battery Park, April 5 (2 sold),6 6:00 pm, April 8,9 12:40 pm
Regal Bricktown Charleston, April 5,6,7 6:00 pm, April 8 12:40 pm
Regal Essex Crossing, April 5 8:00 pm, April 6 6:30 pm, April 8 5:20 pm, April 9 2:30 pm
Regal UA Kaufman Astoria, April 5 (2 sold), 6 8:40 pm, April 8, 9, 12:40 pm
Regal UA Midway, April 5,6, 7:00 pm, April 8 (7 sold), 1:40 pm, April 9, 4:20 pm
Regal UA Sheepshead Bay, April 8 (3 sold), 9, 2:40 pm
Outside NYC
AMC Market Arcade, April 5,6 4:15 pm
AMC Palisades, April 7 (2 sold),8 (7 sold),9 2:00 pm
AMC Port Chester, April 5,6,7 (4 sold),8,9 4:30 pm
AMC Webster, April 5 (11 sold), 2:00 pm, April 6, 4:30 pm, April 7, 9:30 pm, April 8 (9 sold), 2:00 pm, April 9, 4:30 pm
North Carolina:
AMC Carolina Pavilion, April 5 (5 sold),6 8:30 pm, April 7 (3 sold),8 (2 sold), 9 3:30 pm
AMC Fayetteville, April 5 (1 sold),6 3:00 pm, April 7,8 1:00 pm, April 9, 3:30 pm
AMC Hanes, April 5 (5 sold), 3:00 pm, April 6 (1 sold), 8:00 pm, April 7, 1:30 pm, April 8, 4:00 pm, April 9, 11;00 am
AMC Park Place, April 5,6,7,8,9 2:30 pm
North Dakota:
AMC Dakota Square, April 7, 4:15 pm, April 8, 1:45 pm, April 9, 9:15 pm
Ohio:
AMC Grove City, April 5, 1:45 pm, April 6, 7 (2 sold) 1:00 pm, April 8,9 11:15 am
AMC West Chester, April 5, 6:15 pm, April 6, 1:00 pm, April 7,8 8:15 pm, April 9, 8:00 pm
Cinemark Dayton South, April 5,6,7,8,9 4:30 pm
Oklahoma:
AMC Quail Springs, April 5,6 1:30 pm, April 7,8,9 3:30 pm
AMC Southroads, April 5 (4 sold),6 6:30 pm
Oregon:
AMC Progress Ridge, April 5 (4 sold),6 5:00 pm, April 7 (5 sold), 6:25 pm, April 8, 4:20 pm, April 9, 1:00 pm
Regal Albany, April 7,1:30 pm, 4:15 pm, 7:00 pm (2 sold), 9:45 pm, April 8, 8 1:30 pm, 4:15 pm, 7:00 pm (7 sold), 9:45 pm, April 9, 12:00 pm, 2:30 pm, 5:00 pm, 7:30 pm
Regal Bridgeport, April 7, 5:45 pm, April 8, 12:45 pm
Regal Evergreen Parkway, April 5, 12:30 pm, April 7, 11:00 am, April 8 (2 sold), 1:40 pm
Regal Fox Tower, April 7, 11:00 am, April 8, 2:45 pm
Regal Hilltop, April 6, 3:30 pm, April 7, 12:00 pm, April 8 (4 sold), 5:00 pm
Regal Lloyd Center, April 6, 12:30 pm, April 7, 6:00 pm, April 8 (4 sold), 12:30 pm
Regal Movies on TV, April 7, 5:00 pm, April 8, 12:00 pm
Regal Old Mill, April 5,3:20 pm, April 6, 12:00 pm, April 7, 3:20 pm, April 8, 6:00 pm
Regal Pioneer Place, April 7, 2:30 pm, April 8, 5:00 pm
Regal Williamette, April 7,12:00 pm, April 8 (16 sold), 1:40 pm
Pennsylvania:
AMC Neshaminy, April 5,6,7,8,9 (5 sold) 11:30 am
AMC Waterfront, April 5,6 3:10 pm, April 7,8 (3 sold),9 (6 sold) 2:15 pm
Marcus Exton, April 9 (5 sold), 12:00 pm
Tennessee:
AMC Chattanooga, April 5, 4:00 pm, April 6, 6:50 pm, April 7, 12:00 pm, April 8, 2:20 pm, April 9, 5:40 pm
AMC Johnson City, April 5 (10 sold), 6:00 pm, April 6, 7:00 pm, April 7, 4:30 pm, April 9, 7:00 pm
Texas:
AMC Barton Creek, April 5 (2 sold),6 1:00 pm, April 7,8,9 10:00 am
AMC Brazos Mall, April 5 (8 sold),6 12:45 pm, April 7,8,9 2:45 pm
AMC Burleson, April 5 (4 sold), 1:30 pm, April 6, 4:00 pm, April 7 (4 sold), 11:00 am, April 8, 4:00 pm, April 9, 5:30 pm
AMC Deerbrook, April 5,6 2:30 pm, April 7, 3:00 pm, April 8,9 3:00 pm
AMC Grapevine Mills, April 5,6 5:00 pm, April 7,8,9 4:30 pm
AMC Dine-in Mesquite, April 7, 2:45 pm, April 8 (5 sold),9 2:00 pm
AMC Dine-in Stonebriar, April 5,6 5:00 pm, April 7,9 6:30 pm
AMC Edinburg, April 5,6 9:30 pm, April 7 (4 sold),8,9 2:00 pm
AMC El Paso, April 5 (8 sold), 5:30 pm, April 6, 8:00 pm, April 7, 4:10 pm, April 8 (3 sold), 1:50 pm, April 9, 4:10 pm
AMC Firewheel, April 5,6 3:00 pm, April 7,8 (2 sold),9 1:30 pm
AMC First Colony, April 5,6,7,8,9 3:00 pm
AMC Galaxy, April 5,6,7,8,9 7:35 pm
AMC Gulf Pointe, April 5,6,7,8,9 2:30 pm
AMC Irving Mall, April 5,6 9:00 pm, April 7,8 10:30 pm, April 9, 9:30 pm
AMC Katy Mills, April 5 (7 sold),6 2:40 pm
AMC Lake Worth, April 5 (4 sold),6 3:30 pm, April 7,8,9 3:45 pm
AMC The Parks at Arlington, April 5,6 2:30 pm, April 7,8,9 1:00 pm
Utah:
AMC West Jordan, April 7,9 2:30 pm
Megaplex Valley Fair, April 5, 5:20 pm (12 sold), 8:00 pm (4 sold), April 6, 5:20 pm (5 sold), 8:00 pm (2 sold), April 7, 5:20 pm, 8:00 pm, April 8, 5:20 pm (11 sold), 8:00 pm, April 9, 5:20 pm, 8:00 pm
Virginia:
AMC Hampton Towne Centre, April 5,6 1:30 pm, April 7 (1 sold), 3:00 pm, April 8, 5:30 pm, April 9, 12:30 pm
AMC Hoffman, April 5 (5 sold), 12:45 pm, April 6, 3:15 pm, April 7, 4:30 pm, April 8 (2 sold), 3:15 pm, April 9, 5:45 pm
AMC Lynnhaven, April 7, 1:30 pm, April 8, 10:45 am, 12:15 pm, April 9, 4:15 pm
AMC Potomac Mills, April 5,6,7,8,9 4:00 pm
AMC Tysons Corner, April 5 (1 sold), 1:45 pm, April 6, 4:15 pm, April 7 (3 sold), 7:00 pm, April 8, 11:00 pm, April 9, 10:30 am
Cinemark Fairfax Corner, April 8, 5:00 pm
Cinemark Centreville, April 9, 2:40 pm
Washington:
AMC Alderwood Mall, April 5,6 1:15 pm, April 7,8,9 9:30 pm
AMC Lakewood Mall, April 7 (5 sold), 2:30 pm, April 8 (25 sold), 2:00 pm, April 9 (11 sold), 2:30 pm
AMC Pacific Place, April 5 (1 sold),6 2:15 pm, April 7, 1:15 pm, April 8, 11:45 am, April 9 (2 sold), 8:15 pm
AMC River Park Square, April 5 (2 sold), 5:45 pm, April 6, 12:30 pm, 8:15 pm, April 7,8 5:30 pm, April 9, 8:15 pm
AMC Southcenter, April 5 (3 sold),6 2:15 pm, April 7,8 (4 sold),9 1:40 pm
AMC Vancouver Mall, April 5 (2 sold),6,7 (2 sold), 1;00 pm, April 8, 9 11:45 am
Regal Alderwood, April 6, 3:20 pm, April 7,6:00 pm, April 9, 3:20 pm
Regal Barkley Village, April 6, 2:10 pm
Regal Bella Bottega, April 6, 12:00 pm, April 7,4:20 pm, April 9, 3:20 pm
Regal Everett, April 7, 8, 3:50 pm, April 9, 3:50 pm, 6:30 pm
Regal Issaquah Highlands, April 9, 10:00 am (2 sold)
Regal Longston Place, April 6, 12:00 pm
Regal Marysville, April 5, 5:20 pm, April 7,12:00 pm, April 8,5:20 pm, April 9, 12:00 pm
Regal Northtown Mall, April 5,11:00 am (3 sold), 1:40 pm, April 7, 12:45 pm, 4:20 pm, 6:00 pm, 8:40 pm, April 8, 12:45 pm (4 sold), 4:20 pm, 6:00 pm, 8:40 pm, April 9
Regal Poulsbo, April 5,7 3:20 pm, April 9, 6:00 pm
Regal South Hill, April 5, 4:40 pm, April 7, 9, 10:00 am
Regal Spokane Valley, April 5,2:40 pm, 6, 4:20 pm, April 7, 2:40 pm, April 8, 4:20 pm (5 sold)
Regal Tall Firs, April 6, 3:20 pm, April 7, 6:00 pm, April 9, 3:20 pm
Regal Vancouver Plaza, April 7, 4:20 pm, April 8, 6:00 pm
West Virginia:
AMC Morgantown, April 5, 4:30 pm, April 6, 3:30 pm, April 7, 1:30 pm, April 8, 4:00 pm, April 9, 5:00 pm
Wisconsin:
AMC Fitchburg, April 5 (4 sold), 5:20 pm, April 6, (1 sold) 1:10 pm, April 7 (1 sold), 12:50 pm, April 8 (3 sold), 6:30 pm, April 9 (1 sold), 12:00 pm
AMC Mayfair Mall, April 5 (2 sold),6 7:00 pm, April 7, 9:30 pm, April 8, 2:00 pm, April 9, 7:00 pm
Marcus Appleton, April 9, 3:00 pm
submitted by tunicsandleggimgs15 to opencaptions [link] [comments]
Edit 2: All states now added and post updated with added data. Now almost 200 OC screenings with seats pre-sold.
Edit: If you found this post via Reddit, it is a post in the young but growing sub opencaptions.
Alabama:
AMC Mobile, April 5 (1 sold), 6, 7, 8, 9 3:00 pm
AMC Patton Creek, April 7, 1:30 pm, April 8 3:45 pm, April 9 8:15 pm
AMC Summit, April 5, 6, 6:45 pm, April 7, 5:30 pm, April 8, 5:00 pm, April 9 5:00 pm
AMC Valley Bend, April 7,8,9 5:00 pm
Arizona:
AMC Ahwatukee, April 5 (6 sold),6 4:30 pm. April 7,8 2:30 pm. April 9 2:30, 3:30 pm.
AMC Arizona Center, April 5, 5:00 pm, April 6, 2:30 pm, April 7, 12:00 pm, April 8, 9, 2:30 pm
AMC Dine-in Desert Ridge, April 7, 8, 9 4:30 pm
AMC Foothills, April 5,6 6:30 pm, April 7, 8, 9 11:30 am
AMC Mesa Grand, April 5,6 7:15 pm, April 7, 8, 9 11:45 am
AMC Surprise Pointe, April 5 (3 sold), 6, 7, 8, 9 5:30 pm
AMC Westgate, April 5, 4:00 pm (4 sold), April 6, 6:45 pm, April 7, 4:00 pm, April 8, 1:15 pm, April 9, 6:45 pm
California:
AMC Bay Street, April 5, 11:30 am, April 6, 2:00 pm, April 7,8,9 12:30 pm
AMC Brentwood, April 5, 4:20 pm, April 6, 7:00 pm, April 7, 4:20 pm, April 8 1:40 pm, April 9, 7:00 pm
AMC Burbank, April 5,6 1:00 pm, April 7,8,9 (2 sold) 11:30 am
AMC Century City, April 5,6 12:40 pm, April 7,8 (3 sold),9 1:40 pm
AMC Covina, April 5,6, 4:00 pm, April 7,8 (9 sold) 1:30 pm, April 9, 1:00 pm
AMC Del Amo, April 5, 9:15 pm, April 6, 5:45 pm, April 7 (1 sold),8,9 10:10 am
AMC Fashion Valley, April 5,6 3:15 pm, April 7,8 (22 sold),9 3:30 pm
AMC Dine-in Fullerton, April 6 (6 sold), 3:30 pm, April 7 (7 sold), 8 (7 sold), 9 (4 sold) 1:00 pm
AMC Manteca, April 5 (2 sold), 12:45 pm, April 6, 6:30 pm, April 7, 12:45 pm, April 8, 6:45 pm, April 9, 1:45 pm
AMC Mercado, April 5,6 (7 sold), 7, 8 (2 sold), 9 (5 sold) 2:30 pm
AMC Metreon, April 6, 1:30 pm, April 7, 8, 9 12:15 pm
AMC Newpark, April 5,6,7,8,9 2:30 pm
AMC Norwalk, April 5,6, 5:00 pm, April 7, 11;00 am, April 8, 2;00 pm, April 9, 8:00 pm
AMC Orange, April 5,6, 1:00 pm, April 7,8,9 3:15 pm
AMC Puente Hills, April 5 (2 sold),6(5 sold),7,8,9 1:30 pm
AMC Rolling Hills, April 5,6,4:10 pm, April 7,8,9 2:40 pm
AMC Santa Anita, April 5 (10 sold),6 5:00 pm, April 7, 3:30 pm, April 8 (4 sold),9 12:45 pm
AMC Saratoga, April 5 (1 sold), 2:45 pm, April 6 (1 sold), 5:15 pm, April 7 (3 sold), 6:15 pm, April 8 (1 sold), 3:45 pm, April 9 (1 sold), 5:15 pm
AMC The Americana at Brand, April 5 (11 sold),6 3:30 pm, April 7,8,9 1:00 pm
AMC The Grove, April 5 (7 sold), 1:00 pm
AMC Dine-in Thousand Oaks, April 5,6 1:30 pm, April 7, 4:00 pm, April 8, 4:30 pm
AMC Tustin, April 7 (4 sold), 1:30 pm, April 8, 9, 12:45 pm
AMC Tyler, April 5,6,7,8 (2 sold),9 (1 sold) 1:30 pm
AMC Universal, April 6 (8 sold), 6:30 pm, April 7 (4 sold), 2:30 pm, April 8 (5 sold), 2:45 pm, April 9, 2:30 pm
AMC UTC 14, April 5,6,7,8,9 5:45 pm
Colorado:
AMC9+CO10, April 5,6, 5:30 pm, April 9 (2 sold), 10:00 am, 2:30 pm
AMC Arapahoe Crossing, April 5 (2 sold),6 2:00 pm, April 7, 3:00 pm, April 8, 3:00 pm, April 9, 2:00 pm
AMC Bowles Crossing, April 5 (4 sold),6 1:40 pm, April 7 (2 sold), 3:55 pm, April 8, 6:30 pm, April 9, 7:30 pm
AMC Brighton, April 5 (4 sold),6 2:30 pm, April 7, 1:30 pm, April 8,9 10:00 pm
AMC Castle Rock, April 9, 4:30 pm
AMC Chapel Hills, April 5 (6 sold), 5:15 pm, April 6, 3:00 pm, April 7, 2:30 pm, April 8, 7:45 pm, April 9, 5:15 pm
AMC Dine-in Southlands, April 7, 11:00 am
AMC Flatiron Crossing, April 5 (2 sold),6 7:25 pm, April 7, 7:00 pm, April 8,9 1:30 pm
AMC Twenty Mile, April 5 (3 sold), 1:30 pm, April 6, 3:30 pm, April 7, 1:00 pm, April 8,9 3:30 pm
AMC Westminster Promenade, April 5 (4 sold), 1:00 pm, April 6, 1:30 pm, April 7, 11:45 am, April 8, 11:20 am, April 9, 11:45 am
Cinemark Century 16 Bel Mar, April 8, 5:30 pm
Cinemark Century Aurora, April 9, 3:20 pm
Cinemark Century Boulder, April 8, 3:10 pm
Cinemark Fort Collins, April 8, 3:50 pm
Cinemark Greeley Mall, April 9, 2:00 pm
Cinemark Tinseltown Pueblo, April 8 (1 sold), 3:50 pm
Cinemark Tinseltown USA & XD, April 8, 2:35 pm
Connecticut:
AMC Danbury, April 5,6 5:15 pm, April 7, 3:30 pm, April 8, 6:00 pm, April 9, 12:45 pm
AMC Plainville, April 5,6 2:00 pm
DC:
AMC Georgetown, April 5 (5 sold),6 (2 sold) 6:00 pm, April 7 (2 sold), 4:30 pm, April 8 (24 sold), 2:00 pm, April 9, 4:30 pm
Delaware:
Cinemark Christiana, April 5,6 2:45 pm, April 7 (5 sold), 8:45 pm, April 8,9 2:45 pm
Florida:
AMC Altamonte Mall, April 5,6 4:15 pm, April 7,8 (2 sold),9 12:30 pm
AMC Aventura, April 5, 2:30 pm, April 6, 5:00 pm, April 7,8 6:00 pm, April 9, 8:45 pm
AMC Avenue, April 5,6,7 2:30 pm, April 8,9 11:30 am
AMC Dine-in Disney Springs, April 5, (1 sold) 12:00 pm, April 6 (1 sold), 2:15 pm, April 7, 5:00 pm, April 8, 12:00 pm, April 9, 2:15 pm
AMC Indian River, April 5, 6:00 pm, April 7,8 1:30 pm, April 9, 11:00 am
AMC Lake Square, April 5 (2 sold), 6:00 pm, April 6, 3:00 pm, April 7, 6:00 pm, April 8 (11 sold), 3:00 pm, April 9, 1:00 pm
AMC Merchants Crossing, April 7,8,9 3:00 pm
AMC Orange Park, April 5, 1:30 pm, April 6, 6:30 pm, April 7, 1:30 pm, April 8, 7:00 pm, April 9, 1:30 pm
AMC Port St Lucie, April 5 (5 sold),6 3:35 pm, April 7, 1:00 pm, April 8, 12:00 pm, April 9 11:30 am
AMC Regency 24, April 5 (1 sold),6, 6:45 pm, April 7, 6:30 pm, April 8, 9 11:45 am
AMC Sunset Place, April 5,6,7,8 (5 sold),9 1:00 pm
AMC Tallahassee, April 5 (2 sold), 6:00 pm, April 7, 3:30 pm, April 8, 8:30 pm, April 9, 1:00 pm
AMC Tamiami, April 5 (11 sold),6, 3:00 pm, April 7, 8 (22 sold), 9 (9 sold) 12:00 pm
AMC The Regency 20, April 5 (3 sold), 4:45 pm, April 6, 6:00 pm, April 7, 4:15 pm April 8, 3:45 pm, April 9, 6:00 pm
AMC Veterans, April 5, 2:00 pm, April 6, 4:30 pm, April 7,8 (4 sold), 2;00 pm, April 9, 9:30 pm
AMC West Shore, April 5, 4:00 pm, April 6, 6:30 pm, April 7, 10:30 am, April 8, 1;00 pm, April 9, 3:30 pm
AMC Woodlands Square, April 5, 12:30 pm, April 6 (2 sold), 5:30 pm, April 7,8,9 11:15 am
Georgia:
AMC North DeKalb, April 5,6 3:30 pm, April 7,8,9 1:00 pm
AMC Barrett Commons, April 5,6, 3:15 pm, April 7,8,9 (1 sold) 1:50 pm
AMC Conyers Crossing, April 5 (2 sold),6,7,8,9 2:30 pm
AMC Parkway Pointe, April 5,6 2:15 pm, April 7,8,9 3:15 pm
AMC Southlake, April 5, 2:45 pm, 7:15 pm, April 6, 2:45 pm, April 7,8,9 4:15 pm
Illinois:
AMC Champaign, April 5, 4:30 pm, April 6, 4:00 pm, 7:00 pm
AMC Crestwood, April 5,6 7:45 pm, April 7,8,9 2:00 pm
AMC Edwardsville, April 5,6 4:00 pm, April 7,8,9 1:45 pm
AMC Naperville, April 5, 6:00 pm, April 6, 1:15 pm, April 7, 9:00 pm, April 8 (3 sold), 1:00 pm, April 9, 3:30 pm
AMC Dine-in-Northbrook, April 5,6 (4 sold),7 (22 sold),8 (3 sold),9 (5 sold) 2:00 pm
AMC Quarry Cinemas, April 5 (5 sold),6,7,8,9 3:30 pm
AMC River East, April 7, 12:30 pm, April 8, 2:30 pm, April 9, 12:00 pm
AMC Rockford, April 5, 4:30 pm, April 6, 6:00 pm, April 7,8,9 1:00 pm
AMC South Barrington, April 7,8,9 5:15 pm
AMC Streets of Woodfield, April 5, 5:30 pm, April 6, 5:30 pm, 8:00 pm, April 7, 3:00 pm, April 8, 11:00 am, April 9, 10:00 am
AMC Village Crossing, April 5, 1:30 pm (possible error), April 6,7 4:00 pm, April 8, 6:30 pm, April 9, 4:00 pm
AMC Dine-in Yorktown, April 5 (4 sold),6,7,8,9 (5 sold) 3:00 pm
Indiana:
AMC Castleton Square, April 5,6 6:15 pm, April 7,8 6:30 pm, April 9, 7:15 pm
AMC Evansville, April 5, 8:00 pm, April 6, 5:30 pm, April 7, 5:15 pm, April 8, 2:45 pm, April 9, 7:45 pm
AMC Indianapolis, April 5,6, 2:30 pm, April 7,8,9 (4 sold) 12:15 pm
AMC Schererville, April 5 (3 sold),6,7,8,9 (5 sold) 4:30 pm
AMC South Bend, April 5 (3 sold), 6:00 pm, April 6, 4:30 pm, April 7, 5:30 pm, April 8, 2:30 pm, April 9, 8:30 pm
Iowa:
AMC Council Bluffs, April 5, 6:30 pm, April 6, 3:45 pm, April 7, 3:00 pm, April 8, 12:15 pm, April 9, 8:30 pm
Marcus Sycamore, April 9 (2 sold), 3:00 pm
Kansas:
AMC Dine-in Studio 28, April 5,6 6:30 pm, April 7, 7:30 pm, April 8,9 2:00 pm
AMC Town Center, April 5, 1:30 pm (possible error), April 6, 6:15 pm, April 7, 1:00 pm, April 8, 3:00 pm, April 9 (4 sold), 11:30 am
Kentucky:
AMC Stonybrook, April 5 (6 sold), 4:30 pm, April 6, 4:00 pm, April 7, 5:05 pm, April 8, 3:00 pm, April 9, 1:00 pm
AMC Newport on the Levee, April 5 (1 sold), 3:30 pm, April 7, 3:00 pm, April 8, 12:15 pm, April 9, 5:15 pm
Louisiana:
AMC Elmwood Palace, April 5,6 3:15 pm, April 7,8,9 5:45 pm
AMC Mall of Louisiana, April 5,6 4:00 pm, April 7,8, 9 1:30 pm
Maryland:
AMC Columbia, April 9, 2:45 pm
AMC Dine-in Rio, April 7,8 (4 sold) 10:30 am
AMC Magic Johnson Capital Center, April 5,6 7:30 pm, April 7,8, 4:30 pm, April 9, 3:00 pm
AMC Montgomery, April 5,6 1:30 pm, April 7,8,9 11:30 am
AMC Owings Mills, April 7,8 (5 sold) 1:00 pm
AMC Wheaton Mall, April 5 (3 sold),6,7,8,9 2:15 pm
AMC White Marsh, April 5 (4 sold), 1:00 pm, April 6, 3:30 pm, April 7 (4 sold), 6:00 pm, April 8, 8:30 pm, April 9, 1:00 pm
Cinemark Egyptian, April 9, 4:05 pm
Cinemark Towson, April 8, 3:30 pm (23 sold)
Cinemark Towson, April 8, 3:30 pm (Reserve)
Massachusetts:
AMC Boston Common, April 5, 4:45 pm, April 6, 9:45 pm, April 7, 4:45 pm, April 8, 9:45 pm, April 9, 4:45 pm
AMC Methuen, April 5,6, 2:30 pm, April 7, 8 (2 sold), 9 (2 sold) 10:30 am
Michigan:
AMC Forum, April 5,6 6:30 pm, April 7, 8, 9 (3 sold) 4:30 pm
AMC Grand Rapids, April 5 (13 sold),6 (4 sold), 3:00 pm, April 7,8,9 12:30 pm
AMC Livonia, April 5,6 5:30 pm, April 7,8,9 6:15 pm
Celebration Cinema Crossroads, April 9 (4 sold), 1:15 pm
Celebration Cinema Studio C Meridan Mall, April 5, 9:00 pm, April 9 (2 sold), 1:30 pm
Minnesota:
AMC Inver Grove, April 5, 3:45 pm, April 6, 6:30 pm, April 7, 3:45 pm, April 8 (6 sold), 6:30 pm, April 9, 3:45 pm
AMC Coon Rapids, April 5 (7 sold),6 (6 sold) 4:00 pm, April 7 (3 sold),8 5:00 pm, April 9, 4:00 pm
AMC Eden Prairie, April 8,9 (6 sold) 2:45 pm
Emagine Rogers, April 9, 2:30 pm, 5:30 pm
Marcus Hastings, April 9, 3:05 pm
Missouri:
AMC Barrywoods, April 5, 6:00 pm, April 6, 4:00 pm, April 7, 6:00 pm, April 8, 1:00 pm, April 9, 10:30 am
AMC Springfield, April 7, 12:30 pm, April 8, 9:00 pm, April 9, 3:00 pm
Nevada:
AMC Town Square, April 5 (2 sold),6 (3 sold),7,8,9 5:20 pm
New Jersey:
AMC Cherry Hill, April 5,6,7 (3 sold),8,9 6:00 pm (possible error)
AMC Clifton Commons, April 5,6 (15 sold) 5:15 pm, April 7,8,9 12:45 pm
AMC Garden State Plaza, April 5,6,7,8 11:30 am
AMC Jersey Gardens, April 5,6 2:30 pm, April 7, 8, 9 11:45 am
AMC Monmouth Mall, April 5 (3 sold),6,7,8,9 7:15 pm
AMC New Brunswick, April 5,6 6:00 pm, April 7, 12:30 pm, April 8,9 12:00 pm
AMC Rockaway, April 5,6 3:00 pm, April 7,8 (14 sold),9 12:15 pm
AMC Voorhees, April 7,8,9 1:15 pm
New York:
NYC
AMC 19th Street, April 5 (2 sold),6 (1 sold) 4:00 pm, April 8 (6 sold),9 1:30 pm
AMC 34th Street, April 5, 9:00 pm, April 8,9, 11:40 am
AMC 84th Street, April 5 (8 sold), 6:25 pm, April 6, 8:45 pm, April 8 (4 sold), 12:50 pm, April 9 (36 sold), 3:10 pm
AMC Bay Plaza, April 8 (13 sold), 12:45 pm, April 9, 6:15 pm
AMC Bay Terrace, April 8 (55 sold), 4:00 pm, April 9, 1:30 pm
AMC Dine-in Staten Island, April 5, 2:00 pm, April 8, 11:30 am, April 9, 8:15 pm
AMC Empire, April 6, 12:00 pm, 7:30 pm, April 8, 12:00 pm, April 9, 5:00 pm
AMC Fresh Meadows, April 5 (1 sold), 6:00 pm, April 6 (3 sold), 1;00 pm, April 7 (8 sold), 8:00 pm, April 8 (15 sold), 3:00 pm
AMC Kips Bay, April 5, 2:30 pm, April 6, 2:15 pm, April 7 (2 sold),8 (1 sold),9 12:00 pm
AMC Lincoln Square, April 8 (2 sold), 11:30 am, April 9, 12:30 pm
AMC Magic Johnson Harlem, April 8, 5:30 pm, April 9, 8:00 pm
AMC Orpheum, April 5 (9 sold), 5:00 pm, April 6, 6:15 pm, April 7, 8:30 pm, April 9, 12:45 pm
AMC Stony Brook, April 6,7,8 (4 sold),9 1:00 pm
AMC Village, April 6 (7 sold), 7:30 pm, April 8 (8 sold), 9, 12:00 pm
Alamo Drafthouse Downtown Brooklyn, April 8 (28 sold), 1:40 pm
Regal Battery Park, April 5 (2 sold),6 6:00 pm, April 8,9 12:40 pm
Regal Bricktown Charleston, April 5,6,7 6:00 pm, April 8 12:40 pm
Regal Essex Crossing, April 5 8:00 pm, April 6 6:30 pm, April 8 5:20 pm, April 9 2:30 pm
Regal UA Kaufman Astoria, April 5 (2 sold), 6 8:40 pm, April 8, 9, 12:40 pm
Regal UA Midway, April 5,6, 7:00 pm, April 8 (7 sold), 1:40 pm, April 9, 4:20 pm
Regal UA Sheepshead Bay, April 8 (3 sold), 9, 2:40 pm
Outside NYC
AMC Market Arcade, April 5,6 4:15 pm
AMC Palisades, April 7 (2 sold),8 (7 sold),9 2:00 pm
AMC Port Chester, April 5,6,7 (4 sold),8,9 4:30 pm
AMC Webster, April 5 (11 sold), 2:00 pm, April 6, 4:30 pm, April 7, 9:30 pm, April 8 (9 sold), 2:00 pm, April 9, 4:30 pm
North Carolina:
AMC Carolina Pavilion, April 5 (5 sold),6 8:30 pm, April 7 (3 sold),8 (2 sold), 9 3:30 pm
AMC Fayetteville, April 5 (1 sold),6 3:00 pm, April 7,8 1:00 pm, April 9, 3:30 pm
AMC Hanes, April 5 (5 sold), 3:00 pm, April 6 (1 sold), 8:00 pm, April 7, 1:30 pm, April 8, 4:00 pm, April 9, 11;00 am
AMC Park Place, April 5,6,7,8,9 2:30 pm
North Dakota:
AMC Dakota Square, April 7, 4:15 pm, April 8, 1:45 pm, April 9, 9:15 pm
Ohio:
AMC Grove City, April 5, 1:45 pm, April 6, 7 (2 sold) 1:00 pm, April 8,9 11:15 am
AMC West Chester, April 5, 6:15 pm, April 6, 1:00 pm, April 7,8 8:15 pm, April 9, 8:00 pm
Cinemark Dayton South, April 5,6,7,8,9 4:30 pm
Oklahoma:
AMC Quail Springs, April 5,6 1:30 pm, April 7,8,9 3:30 pm
AMC Southroads, April 5 (4 sold),6 6:30 pm
Oregon:
AMC Progress Ridge, April 5 (4 sold),6 5:00 pm, April 7 (5 sold), 6:25 pm, April 8, 4:20 pm, April 9, 1:00 pm
Regal Albany, April 7,1:30 pm, 4:15 pm, 7:00 pm (2 sold), 9:45 pm, April 8, 8 1:30 pm, 4:15 pm, 7:00 pm (7 sold), 9:45 pm, April 9, 12:00 pm, 2:30 pm, 5:00 pm, 7:30 pm
Regal Bridgeport, April 7, 5:45 pm, April 8, 12:45 pm
Regal Evergreen Parkway, April 5, 12:30 pm, April 7, 11:00 am, April 8 (2 sold), 1:40 pm
Regal Fox Tower, April 7, 11:00 am, April 8, 2:45 pm
Regal Hilltop, April 6, 3:30 pm, April 7, 12:00 pm, April 8 (4 sold), 5:00 pm
Regal Lloyd Center, April 6, 12:30 pm, April 7, 6:00 pm, April 8 (4 sold), 12:30 pm
Regal Movies on TV, April 7, 5:00 pm, April 8, 12:00 pm
Regal Old Mill, April 5,3:20 pm, April 6, 12:00 pm, April 7, 3:20 pm, April 8, 6:00 pm
Regal Pioneer Place, April 7, 2:30 pm, April 8, 5:00 pm
Regal Williamette, April 7,12:00 pm, April 8 (16 sold), 1:40 pm
Pennsylvania:
AMC Neshaminy, April 5,6,7,8,9 (5 sold) 11:30 am
AMC Waterfront, April 5,6 3:10 pm, April 7,8 (3 sold),9 (6 sold) 2:15 pm
Marcus Exton, April 9 (5 sold), 12:00 pm
Tennessee:
AMC Chattanooga, April 5, 4:00 pm, April 6, 6:50 pm, April 7, 12:00 pm, April 8, 2:20 pm, April 9, 5:40 pm
AMC Johnson City, April 5 (10 sold), 6:00 pm, April 6, 7:00 pm, April 7, 4:30 pm, April 9, 7:00 pm
Texas:
AMC Barton Creek, April 5 (2 sold),6 1:00 pm, April 7,8,9 10:00 am
AMC Brazos Mall, April 5 (8 sold),6 12:45 pm, April 7,8,9 2:45 pm
AMC Burleson, April 5 (4 sold), 1:30 pm, April 6, 4:00 pm, April 7 (4 sold), 11:00 am, April 8, 4:00 pm, April 9, 5:30 pm
AMC Deerbrook, April 5,6 2:30 pm, April 7, 3:00 pm, April 8,9 3:00 pm
AMC Grapevine Mills, April 5,6 5:00 pm, April 7,8,9 4:30 pm
AMC Dine-in Mesquite, April 7, 2:45 pm, April 8 (5 sold),9 2:00 pm
AMC Dine-in Stonebriar, April 5,6 5:00 pm, April 7,9 6:30 pm
AMC Edinburg, April 5,6 9:30 pm, April 7 (4 sold),8,9 2:00 pm
AMC El Paso, April 5 (8 sold), 5:30 pm, April 6, 8:00 pm, April 7, 4:10 pm, April 8 (3 sold), 1:50 pm, April 9, 4:10 pm
AMC Firewheel, April 5,6 3:00 pm, April 7,8 (2 sold),9 1:30 pm
AMC First Colony, April 5,6,7,8,9 3:00 pm
AMC Galaxy, April 5,6,7,8,9 7:35 pm
AMC Gulf Pointe, April 5,6,7,8,9 2:30 pm
AMC Irving Mall, April 5,6 9:00 pm, April 7,8 10:30 pm, April 9, 9:30 pm
AMC Katy Mills, April 5 (7 sold),6 2:40 pm
AMC Lake Worth, April 5 (4 sold),6 3:30 pm, April 7,8,9 3:45 pm
AMC The Parks at Arlington, April 5,6 2:30 pm, April 7,8,9 1:00 pm
Utah:
AMC West Jordan, April 7,9 2:30 pm
Megaplex Valley Fair, April 5, 5:20 pm (12 sold), 8:00 pm (4 sold), April 6, 5:20 pm (5 sold), 8:00 pm (2 sold), April 7, 5:20 pm, 8:00 pm, April 8, 5:20 pm (11 sold), 8:00 pm, April 9, 5:20 pm, 8:00 pm
Virginia:
AMC Hampton Towne Centre, April 5,6 1:30 pm, April 7 (1 sold), 3:00 pm, April 8, 5:30 pm, April 9, 12:30 pm
AMC Hoffman, April 5 (5 sold), 12:45 pm, April 6, 3:15 pm, April 7, 4:30 pm, April 8 (2 sold), 3:15 pm, April 9, 5:45 pm
AMC Lynnhaven, April 7, 1:30 pm, April 8, 10:45 am, 12:15 pm, April 9, 4:15 pm
AMC Potomac Mills, April 5,6,7,8,9 4:00 pm
AMC Tysons Corner, April 5 (1 sold), 1:45 pm, April 6, 4:15 pm, April 7 (3 sold), 7:00 pm, April 8, 11:00 pm, April 9, 10:30 am
Cinemark Fairfax Corner, April 8, 5:00 pm
Cinemark Centreville, April 9, 2:40 pm
Washington:
AMC Alderwood Mall, April 5,6 1:15 pm, April 7,8,9 9:30 pm
AMC Lakewood Mall, April 7 (5 sold), 2:30 pm, April 8 (25 sold), 2:00 pm, April 9 (11 sold), 2:30 pm
AMC Pacific Place, April 5 (1 sold),6 2:15 pm, April 7, 1:15 pm, April 8, 11:45 am, April 9 (2 sold), 8:15 pm
AMC River Park Square, April 5 (2 sold), 5:45 pm, April 6, 12:30 pm, 8:15 pm, April 7,8 5:30 pm, April 9, 8:15 pm
AMC Southcenter, April 5 (3 sold),6 2:15 pm, April 7,8 (4 sold),9 1:40 pm
AMC Vancouver Mall, April 5 (2 sold),6,7 (2 sold), 1;00 pm, April 8, 9 11:45 am
Regal Alderwood, April 6, 3:20 pm, April 7,6:00 pm, April 9, 3:20 pm
Regal Barkley Village, April 6, 2:10 pm
Regal Bella Bottega, April 6, 12:00 pm, April 7,4:20 pm, April 9, 3:20 pm
Regal Everett, April 7, 8, 3:50 pm, April 9, 3:50 pm, 6:30 pm
Regal Issaquah Highlands, April 9, 10:00 am (2 sold)
Regal Longston Place, April 6, 12:00 pm
Regal Marysville, April 5, 5:20 pm, April 7,12:00 pm, April 8,5:20 pm, April 9, 12:00 pm
Regal Northtown Mall, April 5,11:00 am (3 sold), 1:40 pm, April 7, 12:45 pm, 4:20 pm, 6:00 pm, 8:40 pm, April 8, 12:45 pm (4 sold), 4:20 pm, 6:00 pm, 8:40 pm, April 9
Regal Poulsbo, April 5,7 3:20 pm, April 9, 6:00 pm
Regal South Hill, April 5, 4:40 pm, April 7, 9, 10:00 am
Regal Spokane Valley, April 5,2:40 pm, 6, 4:20 pm, April 7, 2:40 pm, April 8, 4:20 pm (5 sold)
Regal Tall Firs, April 6, 3:20 pm, April 7, 6:00 pm, April 9, 3:20 pm
Regal Vancouver Plaza, April 7, 4:20 pm, April 8, 6:00 pm
West Virginia:
AMC Morgantown, April 5, 4:30 pm, April 6, 3:30 pm, April 7, 1:30 pm, April 8, 4:00 pm, April 9, 5:00 pm
Wisconsin:
AMC Fitchburg, April 5 (4 sold), 5:20 pm, April 6, (1 sold) 1:10 pm, April 7 (1 sold), 12:50 pm, April 8 (3 sold), 6:30 pm, April 9 (1 sold), 12:00 pm
AMC Mayfair Mall, April 5 (2 sold),6 7:00 pm, April 7, 9:30 pm, April 8, 2:00 pm, April 9, 7:00 pm
Marcus Appleton, April 9, 3:00 pm
2023.03.18 15:11 sacredthornapple Barbara Ehrenreich and Deirdre English on How Regular Medicine Found Its Authority
The men who were to reform medicine, that is, transform it from regular medicine into "scientific" medicine, came from the new middle class and shared its visions and anxieties. If they were science-minded, that was not so much because they were doctors as because they were members of a class which had staked its future on science and expertism. They were not graduates of commercial medical schools; they were college-educated men who had studied medicine at Harvard, Johns Hopkins, or Penn and had finished off their studies with a year or two in Berlin or Heidelberg (Germany had replaced England as the mecca for young doctors).
There they had listened reverently to the great European fathers of experimental biology, drunk beer in rathskellers with the scions of European nobility, and perhaps had a chance to dabble in a laboratory. They returned to the United States, perhaps not with a thorough education in experimental science, but at least with "the idea of experiment," as Dr. S. Weir Mitchell put it, and a passion to stamp this idea on the murky form of regular medicine.
The scientific reform of medicine was not as easy a project as one might expect from the vantage point of the late twentieth century, with our supertechnological, instrument-dominated medicine. The average regular doctor, as opposed to the scientific elite, still had the mentality of a small businessman, worrying more about the day-to-day competition than the long-range future of the profession. He was respectful, as were most native-born middle-class Americans, toward science, though not through any firsthand acquaintance. Few practicing physicians had ever seen a microscope or used a thermometer, nor is it likely that they had much interest in such "advanced" technology. ...
"Heroic" bleeding and purging had subsided somewhat in the late nineteenth century, but regular therapy was still dominated by the need to produce some sort of a tangible commodity. Surgery had been added to the doctors' repertoire, thanks to the introduction of ether and chloroform in the eighteen forties, and it was performed for all sorts of excuses on a variety of organs. In terms of drugs, opium and quinine were edging calomel out of the doctor's little black bag by the eighteen sixties. Quinine—which is useful for controlling malaria, if prescribed properly—was handed out in erratic doses for fevers in general. With opium, however, and alcohol, the doctors had at last found something which really worked. Opium, alcohol, and cocaine did indeed "cure" pain, and the pragmatic physician used them liberally for everything from pneumonia to "nerves."
Much as they might have liked to, the scientific reformers of medicine could not simply denounce their regular colleagues and insist that they be outlawed along with midwives, lay healers, and irregular doctors. For one thing, the handful of scientific doctors knew that no reform could be made against the will of the now 120,000-strong rank and file. For another, there were still no "scientific" therapies with which to replace the fumbling therapies of the average doctor. European bacteriology had produced diphtheria antitoxin, but little more of therapeutic value.
The general reform strategy, then, had to be to ignore the sea of incompetence that was turn-of-the-century regular medical practice, and to focus on medical education. Attacking the schools had the advantages of not offending the bulk of the rank and file while circumventing the whole issue of effective therapy. In education the issue was not what doctors did, but who they were and what they knew. The specific reform strategy was of course to add science to medical education. The Johns Hopkins medical school—the first American medical school to meet German standards—provided the model. There were solid courses in bacteriology, chemistry, pathology, physiology, clinical courses featuring live patients; full-time professors who were also experimental scientists; and, above all, laboratories. After all, what the public meant by science was something that had to do with laboratories, and by a "scientific fact" they meant a piece of information whose lineage could be traced to a neat (preferably quantitative) entry in a dog-eared, chemical-stained lab notebook. To be "scientific," in the fullest evangelical sense, medicine needed laboratories.
The rationale for scientizing medicine was provided by the Germ Theory of Disease. If all diseases had a single, known cause, as Benjamin Rush had argued, or if they were caused by "bad air" or "unbalanced humors," as most prescientific doctors believed, there would be no good reason for putting medical students through the trials of a scientific education. If, on the other hand, they were caused by actual physical particles—"germs"—as Pasteur and Koch and the other great figures of European biology claimed, then science was indispensable. Germs, as everyone knew, were invisible to ordinary people. They could be seen only by scientists skilled in microscopy, handled only by the most meticulous laboratory man. If germs caused disease, and if germs could only be ambushed in a well-stocked laboratory, then medicine without laboratories was like law without courts or theology without churches.
So the reasoning went, though there was no evidence that anyone would be a better doctor for having once confronted a purple-stained bacillus at the end of a microscope barrel. From a scientific point of view, there were other problems. Germ Theory did not forge quite as firm a link between medicine and bacteriology as the scientific doctors liked to think. It is true that by 1900 specific germs had been associated with typhoid, leprosy, tuberculosis, cholera, diphtheria, and tetanus—but in what sense the germs caused these diseases was not so clear.
Koch demonstrated that tubercle bacilli could be found in the tissues of all experimental animals which had the disease, but he could not explain the fact that disease-causing germs could also be found in the tissues of healthy animals. Nor could he have explained why Metchnikoff and his colleagues could gulp cholera germs without any more serious effect than mild intestinal discomfort—or why in general one person contracted a disease and another did not, despite exposure to the same germs. As a result, George Bernard Shaw had no trouble demolishing bacteriology as a "superstition" in his play The Doctor's Dilemma:
But none of these reflections deterred the scientific doctors of the turn of the century. Germ Theory seemed to provide a solid scientific basis for medicine, and if there were still a few loopholes which could not be filled up with "pseudo-bacilli" or similar theoretical cosmetics, that was only because there were not enough well-trained men doing full-time research. The important thing was to get science into the medical schools, and that in itself was a problem sufficient to challenge the best scientific minds.
First there was the problem of money. The old two-hundred-dollar-a-year fees would not pay for laboratory equipment and German-trained professors. So, for a start, tuition would have to rise dramatically. That, of course, had some advantages. John S. Billings, one of the leaders of the reform of medical education, pointed out that the new, scientific schooling would be so expensive that poor boys should not even try to become physicians. But in fact, middle-class boys wouldn't be able to either. So unless scientific medical education was to be restricted to young Vanderbilts and Morgans, tuition increases would never cover the costs. Vast sources of outside subsidization would have to be found. ...
The medieval medical profession had depended, directly and indirectly, on the sponsorship of the landed nobility. In colonial America and the early republic, there were no equivalent concentrations of wealth—hence little support for universities, elite professions, or "culture" generally. But by 1900 the money was there. The period of hectic industrialization following the Civil War had produced concentrations of wealth that would have been unimaginable a generation before. Among America's new plutocrats, no one outweighed John D. Rockefeller and Andrew Carnegie. Through a combination of luck, shrewdness, and sheer plunder, Rockefeller (Standard Oil) and Carnegie (U.S. Steel) had put together fortunes that ran into nine figures. It was this money, extracted from the labor of thousands of American working people and the wreckage of hundreds of smaller businesses, that financed the triumph of scientific (previously known as "regular") medicine in the early twentieth century.
It would be easy enough to find a capitalist conspiracy here. Both Rockefeller and Carnegie subscribed to the "gospel of wealth"—the idea that they had been appointed by some higher power to shape society through the instrument of philanthropy. (Rockefeller, a Baptist, believed he was appointed by God; Carnegie, a devout social Darwinist, believed he had risen through evolutionary natural selection.) Medicine was a traditional outlet for philanthropy; and, within medicine, the two robber-barons-turned-philanthropists would be expected to favor the gentleman-scientist breed of doctor over the sundry competition—"irregulars," low-class regulars, lady doctors, midwives, etc.
But it was not that simple. Rockefeller, for example, placed his personal trust in homeopathy, that archrival of regular medicine. Moreover, as one otherwise uncritical biographer points out, Rockefeller "had sharp limitations of education and outlook; he was not well read, not much interested in literature, science, or art. ..." Carnegie presented another kind of problem: he had a profound distrust of "experts" and had made it clear that they were the "last men" he wanted on the board of the Carnegie Institute in Pittsburgh. Business entrepreneurs, he believed, were the most progressive force in society and should exert direct control over philanthropic and educational institutions:
Second, Rockefeller and Carnegie simply could not spend their money all by themselves. Despite the "gospel of wealth" which upheld the plutocrat's unique and personal ability to dispense charity, both men were forced to delegate more and more of the responsibility for managing their philanthropic enterprises. In time philanthropy became institutionalized in corporate-style foundations, but initially there was no one to turn to except, of course, experts—experts in philanthropy. Such men identified with the scientific approach to medicine because it mirrored their own approach to philanthropy. If philanthropy was a matter of sentiment, then rich men could handle it themselves, but if it was a matter of science, then experts would have to do it for them.
The first of the philanthropic experts was Frederick T. Gates, an ex-teacher, ex-farmer, ex-bank clerk, ex-salesman, ex-minister, and, as far as one can tell, general hustler from Minneapolis. When John D. found him in 1891, Gates was heading up something called the American Baptist Education Society and saw himself principally as a minister. But, once established with an office and secretary by Rockefeller, Gates took a more secular turn of mind. To paraphrase one historian, Gates found himself converted from Baptism to Scientism. He came to the conclusion that "the whole Baptist fabric was built upon texts which had no authority. ..." In his work for Rockefeller, he developed what he called "scientific giving," which chiefly meant funneling money through relatively large centralized agencies rather than handing it out piecemeal to small agencies.
Then, in 1897, Gates read Johns Hopkins Professor Osler's Principles and Practice of Medicine and was converted overnight to scientific medicine. There was not much to the "practise," as Gates wrote, but the "principles" were first rate. Gates immediately dashed of a memo to John D. Rockefeller urging the support of medical research and the development of scientifically based medicine.
The bait was set, and medicine's gentleman-scientists began to close in on the money. The story goes that Dr. L. Emmett Holt, pediatrician to the family of John D. Rockefeller, Jr., and a member of the Fifth Avenue Baptist Church attended by the Rockefeller family, converted John D. Rockefeller, Jr., to scientific medicine during a train ride between Cleveland and New York. John Jr. was sufficiently impressed to offer Holt and six of his friends—including the dean of Johns Hopkins medical school and several well-known biological scientists and professors—the money to open a new research institute. These seven men, all united by ties of friendship and common academic interests, accepted twenty thousand dollars from Rockefeller and became the first board of directors of the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research. The money had begun to come together with the men.
The Rockefeller Institute brought all the glamour and mystery of European laboratory research to America. Here at last was a place where medicine's pure scientists could labor undistracted by patients or financial worries. But to Gates, it was much more—it was a "theological seminary, presided over by the Rev. Simon Flexner, D.D." It was a model not only of medical science, but of the gentility to which medicine aspired. The main building featured an enormous paneled dining hall in which the researchers, in obligatory jackets and ties, were served by uniformed waiters. ...
By the mid-nineteen sixties, the Rockefeller Institute, with an endowment of close to $200 million and a staff of over fifteen hundred, remained committed to the patrician ideal. There were chamber music concerts every other week in Caspary Hall; Calders and Klines hanging in the Abby Aldrich Rockefeller dining hall; sherry parties with David Rockefeller. The aim, according to then-president Detlev Bronk, who had been a student and friend of the Institute's founders, was to produce "gentleman scientists."
The Rockefeller Institute and Johns Hopkins (the first American medical school with labs and full-time professors) stood out as citadels of scientific medicine and within a few years they were to produce a stream of important discoveries in bacteriology and immunology. But these two institutions could not, by sheer force of example, produce all the desired "reforms" in medicine. The next step was to weed out the "irregular," non-scientific, and generally low-class medical schools and see that philanthropic funds were channeled into the few institutions which could hope to meet scientific standards. To this end the AMA's Council on Medical Education, an elite committee composed of research-oriented doctors, approached the Carnegie Foundation in 1907.
The Council on Medical Education had already done a nationwide survey of medical schools, rated them, and decided which ones should be purged and which provided for. What they needed from the Carnegie Foundation at this point was not its money, but its imprimatur. The AMA could easily be accused of sectarianism and self-interest, but the Carnegie Foundation, with its board composed of an impeccable roster of university presidents, had a reputation for expertise and impartiality. The foundation's president "at once grasped the possibilities" in the AMA proposal and agreed to finance a new, completely "objective" study of medical education.
To make sure that the Carnegie study would not be tarnished with medical sectarianism of any variety, a layman was hired to do the job—one Abraham Flexner, who happened to be the brother of Simon Flexner, M.D., director of the Rockefeller Institute, and was himself a graduate of Johns Hopkins University. The resulting Flexner Report, which has been hailed by most medical historians as the most decisive turning point in American medical history, was about as unbiased as, say, a television commercial for a cold remedy. There were, according to Flexner, "too many" doctors in the United States and they were too low class—any "crude boy or jaded clerk" was able to get medical training. Some black doctors would be needed, if only to check the spread of disease from black to white neighborhoods: "ten millions of them live in close contact with sixty million whites," Flexner pointed out. Few women doctors were needed, though, he observed. The evidence? The lack of "any strong demand for women physicians or any strong ungratified desire on the part of women to enter the profession." (!) ...
What Abraham Flexner did in 1909 was probably every bit as important as what he wrote. He traveled to every medical school in the country, and there were about 160 at the time. Being from Carnegie, he smelled of money. Being a Flexner, he sounded like Science. His message was simple: conform to the Johns Hopkins model, complete with laboratories in all sciences, salaried professors, etc., or close. For the smaller, poorer schools, this could only mean one thing: close. For the bigger and better schools (i.e., those which, like Harvard, already had enough money to begin to institute the prescribed reforms), it meant the promise of fat foundation grants for further reforms. In fact, the published report was to serve as a convenient guidebook for medical philanthropists. It found that only about 15 percent of the nation's medical schools began to meet "scientific" standards, and identified as salvageable those which were already big, rich, and prestigious. In the twenty years following the publication of the Flexner Report, the nine largest foundations poured over $150 million—one half of what they gave for all purposes—into medical education, adhering strictly to the standards set by Flexner.
The effects of the crusade to "reform" medical education which had begun in the late nineteenth century and culminated, symbolically, with the Flexner Report, were already visible in the teens. Between 1904 and 1915, ninety-two medical schools closed down or merged. The "irregular" schools descended from the Popular Health Movement (which had been a haven for women students) closed in droves; and seven out of ten exclusively female medical colleges shut down. Between 1909 and 1912, the proportion of medical graduates who were women dropped from 4.3 percent to 3.2 percent. Blacks fared even worse, losing all but two (Meharry and Howard) of the original seven black medical schools.
When it came to the social-class composition of medicine, the "reforms" were equally decisive. The regular schools offering low-cost medical training to working- and lower-middle-class youths went the way of the schools for women and black people. Beyond that, Flexner had set a minimum of two years of college education as a requirement for entrance to medical school. At a time when less than 5 percent of the college age population was enrolled in a college or university, this requirement alone closed the medical schools to all but the upper and upper-middle class.
It could be argued that these measures were necessary. A majority of the schools closed by the medical reformers undoubtedly were too small and poorly equipped to offer an adequate medical education. But there could have been an alternative strategy for reform—to spread out the wealth so that many more schools could be improved. This would have left medical education open to large numbers of people. But that, of course, was exactly what the doctors were trying to avoid. With the strategy the foundations chose, medicine became ever more the property of an elite—white, male, and overwhelmingly upper-middle class. Beyond that, the scientific reformers never questioned the real medical value of the professional requirements they sought to impose. The requirement of lengthy scientific training, for example, guaranteed that doctors would be largely from privileged backgrounds, but it did not guarantee that they would have any more practical experience and human empathy than the uneducated healers they replaced.
The rank-and-file regular doctor watched the reforms with mixed feelings. By and large the rank-and-file distrusted scientific medicine and the elite doctors who crusaded for it. New York doctors used to walk out on medical papers dealing with the Germ Theory of Disease because "They wanted to express their contemptuous scorn for such theories and refused to listen to them." ...
Only under pressure from public health authorities and the public would the doctors agree to try diphtheria antitoxin or report TB cases. Those who did subscribe to the Germ Theory of Disease often used it to justify the glad-handed prescribing of alcohol—it killed germs, didn't it? Then too, it must have been painful to watch one's alma mater branded as "third rate" by a mere layman like Flexner who had never driven out to an emergency in a blizzard or held a dying person's hand. (Even the elite felt this change. Hopkins professor William Osler quipped to his colleague William Welch, "We are lucky to get in as professors, for I am sure that neither you nor I could ever get in as students.")
But despite all this, the rank-and-file were not about to buck the reform movement. Medicine's scientific elite were achieving through a precise and methodical campaign what the rank-and-file could never have achieved through bluster and politicking. The competition was falling, and the regulars had all but captured the field. In the eighteen hundreds licensing laws which had been thrown out or emasculated in the thirties and forties had been reinstated, but the laws did not exclude "irregular" doctors, so long as they were trained. Now, as part of the scientific reforms, licensing examination were brought into line with the standards of the most scientific, regular schools. And, at the same time, most states ruled that practicing medicine without a license was a crime punishable not by a fine, or a reprimand, but a prison sentence. The regular sect had gained, at long last, a legal monopoly over the practice of medicine.
And, probably to the great relief of many a practitioner, all this was achieved without ever having to purge the ranks of the existing regulars. The purifying reign of terror which the reformers brought to the schools was never visited on the practitioners themselves. The average practitioner was still free to go around bleeding consumptives, mumbling about "humors," and hooking housewives on opium. To this day, the profession views its most unscientific and outright murderous members with a spirit of gentle forbearance. The standards erected to exclude the "crude boys"—and the girls in general—have never been applied to those who have already entered the brotherhood.
A truly scientific medicine would, of course, have to be self-critical, would have to subject its practitioners to continual evaluation and review. But that could hardly be done without putting a few cracks in the patrician image which regular medicine had fought for so long to achieve. "I warn all of you not to uncover the mistakes of a fellow practitioner," J.E. Stubbs, M.D., wrote in an 1899 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association:
The aspirations—and achievements—of nineteenth-century regular medicine can all be summarized in the figure of one man: Sir William Osler. He not only played a role in the medical-reform movement; to thousands of admirers, he was the goal of it. He was a professor at Johns Hopkins medical school, author of the textbook that turned Frederick Gates on to scientific medicine, and, although he never did any original research in his life, he could expound on the scientific renaissance of medicine in hundred-word-long Victorian sentences gracefully adorned with references to the Greek and Latin classics. The rank-and-file regulars loved him. From "the Atlantic to the Pacific ... [a visitor] ... will find a picture of Osler hanging on the wall in almost every doctor's house." The Osler portraits reminded doctors that medicine was about something more than money, more, even, than science—a mystical kind of power that flowed not just from what the doctor did, but from who he was.
He himself was, by any standards, an aristocrat among physicians. The son of a clergyman (like a surprisingly large number of the scientists of his generation), he studied medicine at McGill and then made the pilgrimage to the great German university laboratories. His combination of good breeding and scientific education quickly brought him to the attention of America's medical elite. According to Osler's memoirs, S. Weir Mitchell traveled to Leipzig for the University of Pennsylvania:
To a generation of doctors who were still anxious about evolution and skeptical about germs, Osler provided much-needed reassurance. The patriarchal authority of the doctor, he argued, rests on something more ancient and venerable than science. Science itself was not something integral to medicine; it was a kind of extra, "an incalculable gift," a "leaven" to the hardworking practitioner. Science, in fact, was just one part of the general "culture" the physician needed if he was to serve a wealthy clientele. As part of the doctor's general "culture," science could also serve as a kind of disinfectant to protect him in "the most debasing surroundings," such as those inhabited by the poor. "Culture" became all the more important, of course, with a wealthy patient clientele:
There was one last matter to clean up before the triumph of (male) scientific medicine would be complete, and that was the "midwife problem." In 1900, 50 percent of the babies born were still being delivered by midwives. Middle- and upper-class women had long since accepted the medical idea of childbirth as a pathological event requiring the intervention and supervision of a (preferably regular) physician. It was the "lower" half of society which clung to the midwife and her services: the rural poor and the immigrant working class in the cities. ...
The early-twentieth-century midwife was an integral part of her community and culture. She spoke the mother's language, which might be Italian, Yiddish, Polish, Russian. She was familiar not only with obstetrical techniques, but with the prayers and herbs that sometimes helped. She knew the correct ritual for disposing of the afterbirth, greeting the newborn, or, if necessary, laying to rest the dead. She was prepared to live with the family from the onset of labor until the mother was fully recovered. ...
All of this was highly "unscientific," not to mention unbusinesslike. But the problem, from the point of view of medical leaders, was that the midwife was in the way of the development of modern institutional medicine. One of the reforms advanced by medicine's scientific elite was that students should be exposed somewhere along the line not only to laboratories and lectures but to live patients. But which live patients? Given the choice, most people would want to avoid being an object of practice for inexperienced medical students. Certainly no decent woman in 1900 would want her delivery witnessed by any unnecessary young males. The only choice was the people who had the least choice—the poor.
And so the medical schools, the most "advanced" ones anyway, began to attach themselves parasitically to the nearest "charity" hospital. In an arrangement which has flourished ever since, the medical school offered its medical trainees as staff for the hospital; the hospital in turn provided the raw "material" for medical education—the bodies of the sick poor. The moral ambiguities in this situation were easily rationalized away by the leaders of scientific medicine. As a doctor on the staff of Cornell Medical College put it:
The public campaign against midwives was, of course, couched in terms of the most benevolent concern for the midwives' clientele. Midwives were "hopelessly dirty, ignorant and incompetent, relics of a barbaric past."
In fact, the doctors were not prepared, in any sense of the word, to take over once the midwives were eliminated. For one thing, there were simply not enough obstetricians in the United States to serve the masses of poor and working-class women, even if the obstetricians were inclined to do so. According to historian Ben Barker-Benfield, "even a hostile obstetrician admitted in 1915 that 25 percent of births in New York State outside New York City would be deprived entirely of assistance when the midwife was eliminated."
Then too, obstetricians introduced new dangers into the process of childbirth. Unlike a midwife, a doctor was not about to sit around for hours, as one doctor put it, "watching a hole"; if the labor was going too slow for his schedule he intervened with knife or forceps, often to the detriment of the mother or child. Teaching hospitals had an additional bias toward surgical intervention since the students did have to practice something more challenging than normal deliveries.
The day of the totally medicalized childbirth—hazardously overdrugged and overtreated—was on its way. By the early twentieth century it was already clear even to some members of the medical profession that the doctors' takeover was a somewhat dubious episode in the history of public health. A 1912 study by a Johns Hopkins professor found that most American doctors at the time were less competent than the midwives they were replacing. The physicians were usually less experienced than midwives, less observant, and less likely to even be present at a critical moment.
But, between 1900 and 1930, midwives were almost totally eliminated from the land—outlawed in many states, harassed by local medical authorities in other places. ... With the elimination of midwifery, all women—not just those of the upper class—fell under the biological hegemony of the medical profession. In the same stroke, women lost their last autonomous role as healers. The only roles left for women in the medical system were as employees, customers, or "material."
from For Her Own Good: 150 Years of the Experts' Advice to Women, 1978
submitted by sacredthornapple to 4iR [link] [comments]
There they had listened reverently to the great European fathers of experimental biology, drunk beer in rathskellers with the scions of European nobility, and perhaps had a chance to dabble in a laboratory. They returned to the United States, perhaps not with a thorough education in experimental science, but at least with "the idea of experiment," as Dr. S. Weir Mitchell put it, and a passion to stamp this idea on the murky form of regular medicine.
The scientific reform of medicine was not as easy a project as one might expect from the vantage point of the late twentieth century, with our supertechnological, instrument-dominated medicine. The average regular doctor, as opposed to the scientific elite, still had the mentality of a small businessman, worrying more about the day-to-day competition than the long-range future of the profession. He was respectful, as were most native-born middle-class Americans, toward science, though not through any firsthand acquaintance. Few practicing physicians had ever seen a microscope or used a thermometer, nor is it likely that they had much interest in such "advanced" technology. ...
"Heroic" bleeding and purging had subsided somewhat in the late nineteenth century, but regular therapy was still dominated by the need to produce some sort of a tangible commodity. Surgery had been added to the doctors' repertoire, thanks to the introduction of ether and chloroform in the eighteen forties, and it was performed for all sorts of excuses on a variety of organs. In terms of drugs, opium and quinine were edging calomel out of the doctor's little black bag by the eighteen sixties. Quinine—which is useful for controlling malaria, if prescribed properly—was handed out in erratic doses for fevers in general. With opium, however, and alcohol, the doctors had at last found something which really worked. Opium, alcohol, and cocaine did indeed "cure" pain, and the pragmatic physician used them liberally for everything from pneumonia to "nerves."
Much as they might have liked to, the scientific reformers of medicine could not simply denounce their regular colleagues and insist that they be outlawed along with midwives, lay healers, and irregular doctors. For one thing, the handful of scientific doctors knew that no reform could be made against the will of the now 120,000-strong rank and file. For another, there were still no "scientific" therapies with which to replace the fumbling therapies of the average doctor. European bacteriology had produced diphtheria antitoxin, but little more of therapeutic value.
The general reform strategy, then, had to be to ignore the sea of incompetence that was turn-of-the-century regular medical practice, and to focus on medical education. Attacking the schools had the advantages of not offending the bulk of the rank and file while circumventing the whole issue of effective therapy. In education the issue was not what doctors did, but who they were and what they knew. The specific reform strategy was of course to add science to medical education. The Johns Hopkins medical school—the first American medical school to meet German standards—provided the model. There were solid courses in bacteriology, chemistry, pathology, physiology, clinical courses featuring live patients; full-time professors who were also experimental scientists; and, above all, laboratories. After all, what the public meant by science was something that had to do with laboratories, and by a "scientific fact" they meant a piece of information whose lineage could be traced to a neat (preferably quantitative) entry in a dog-eared, chemical-stained lab notebook. To be "scientific," in the fullest evangelical sense, medicine needed laboratories.
The rationale for scientizing medicine was provided by the Germ Theory of Disease. If all diseases had a single, known cause, as Benjamin Rush had argued, or if they were caused by "bad air" or "unbalanced humors," as most prescientific doctors believed, there would be no good reason for putting medical students through the trials of a scientific education. If, on the other hand, they were caused by actual physical particles—"germs"—as Pasteur and Koch and the other great figures of European biology claimed, then science was indispensable. Germs, as everyone knew, were invisible to ordinary people. They could be seen only by scientists skilled in microscopy, handled only by the most meticulous laboratory man. If germs caused disease, and if germs could only be ambushed in a well-stocked laboratory, then medicine without laboratories was like law without courts or theology without churches.
So the reasoning went, though there was no evidence that anyone would be a better doctor for having once confronted a purple-stained bacillus at the end of a microscope barrel. From a scientific point of view, there were other problems. Germ Theory did not forge quite as firm a link between medicine and bacteriology as the scientific doctors liked to think. It is true that by 1900 specific germs had been associated with typhoid, leprosy, tuberculosis, cholera, diphtheria, and tetanus—but in what sense the germs caused these diseases was not so clear.
Koch demonstrated that tubercle bacilli could be found in the tissues of all experimental animals which had the disease, but he could not explain the fact that disease-causing germs could also be found in the tissues of healthy animals. Nor could he have explained why Metchnikoff and his colleagues could gulp cholera germs without any more serious effect than mild intestinal discomfort—or why in general one person contracted a disease and another did not, despite exposure to the same germs. As a result, George Bernard Shaw had no trouble demolishing bacteriology as a "superstition" in his play The Doctor's Dilemma:
B.B. [Sir Ralph Bloomfield Bonington, a scientific doctor]: ... If youre not well, you have a disease. It may be a slight one; but it's a disease. And what is a disease? A lodgement in the system of a pathogenic germ, and the multiplication of that germ. What is the remedy? A very simple. Find the germ and kill it.Without question, bacteriology had cast a bright light on medicine, but the beam was all too narrow. Germ Theory led to some spectacular victories: effective methods of immunization, antitoxins, and, later, antibiotics—to give a few examples. But at the same time Germ Theory (and the general effort of scientific medicine to search for a single cellular or molecular "cause" for each disease) helped distract medicine from the environmental and social factors in human health—poor nutrition, stress, pollution, etc. The result is a kind of medicine which, for example, is obsessed with finding the cellular "cause" for cancer, even though an estimated 80 percent or more of cancer cases are environmentally induced.
Sir Patrick: Suppose there's no germ?
B.B.: Impossible, Sir Patrick: there must be a germ: else how could the patient be ill?
Sir Patrick: Can you show me the germ of overwork?
B.B.: No; but why? Why? Because, my dear Sir Patrick, though the germ is there, it's invisible. Nature has given it no danger signal for us. These germs—these bacilli—are translucent bodies, like glass, like water. To make them visible you must stain them. Well, my dear Paddy, do what you will, some of them wont stain. They wont take cochineal: they wont take any methylene blue: they wont take gentian violet: they wont take any coloring matter. Consequently, though we know, as scientific men, that they exist, we cannot see them. But can you disprove their existence? Can you conceive the disease existing without them? Can you, for instance, shew me a case of diphtheria without the bacillus?
Sir Patrick: No; but I'll shew you the same bacillus, without the disease, in your own throat.
B.B.: No, not the same, Sir Patrick. It is an entirely different bacillus; only the two are, unfortunately, so exactly alike that you cannot see the difference. ... There is the genuine diphtheria bacillus discovered by Loeffler; and there is the pseudo-bacillus, exactly like it, which you could find, as you say, in my own throat.
Sir Patrick: And how do you tell one from the other?
B.B.: Well, obviously, if the bacillus is the genuine Loeffler, you have diphtheria; and if it's the pseudo-bacillus, youre quite well. Nothing Simpler. Science is always simple and always profound.
But none of these reflections deterred the scientific doctors of the turn of the century. Germ Theory seemed to provide a solid scientific basis for medicine, and if there were still a few loopholes which could not be filled up with "pseudo-bacilli" or similar theoretical cosmetics, that was only because there were not enough well-trained men doing full-time research. The important thing was to get science into the medical schools, and that in itself was a problem sufficient to challenge the best scientific minds.
First there was the problem of money. The old two-hundred-dollar-a-year fees would not pay for laboratory equipment and German-trained professors. So, for a start, tuition would have to rise dramatically. That, of course, had some advantages. John S. Billings, one of the leaders of the reform of medical education, pointed out that the new, scientific schooling would be so expensive that poor boys should not even try to become physicians. But in fact, middle-class boys wouldn't be able to either. So unless scientific medical education was to be restricted to young Vanderbilts and Morgans, tuition increases would never cover the costs. Vast sources of outside subsidization would have to be found. ...
The medieval medical profession had depended, directly and indirectly, on the sponsorship of the landed nobility. In colonial America and the early republic, there were no equivalent concentrations of wealth—hence little support for universities, elite professions, or "culture" generally. But by 1900 the money was there. The period of hectic industrialization following the Civil War had produced concentrations of wealth that would have been unimaginable a generation before. Among America's new plutocrats, no one outweighed John D. Rockefeller and Andrew Carnegie. Through a combination of luck, shrewdness, and sheer plunder, Rockefeller (Standard Oil) and Carnegie (U.S. Steel) had put together fortunes that ran into nine figures. It was this money, extracted from the labor of thousands of American working people and the wreckage of hundreds of smaller businesses, that financed the triumph of scientific (previously known as "regular") medicine in the early twentieth century.
It would be easy enough to find a capitalist conspiracy here. Both Rockefeller and Carnegie subscribed to the "gospel of wealth"—the idea that they had been appointed by some higher power to shape society through the instrument of philanthropy. (Rockefeller, a Baptist, believed he was appointed by God; Carnegie, a devout social Darwinist, believed he had risen through evolutionary natural selection.) Medicine was a traditional outlet for philanthropy; and, within medicine, the two robber-barons-turned-philanthropists would be expected to favor the gentleman-scientist breed of doctor over the sundry competition—"irregulars," low-class regulars, lady doctors, midwives, etc.
But it was not that simple. Rockefeller, for example, placed his personal trust in homeopathy, that archrival of regular medicine. Moreover, as one otherwise uncritical biographer points out, Rockefeller "had sharp limitations of education and outlook; he was not well read, not much interested in literature, science, or art. ..." Carnegie presented another kind of problem: he had a profound distrust of "experts" and had made it clear that they were the "last men" he wanted on the board of the Carnegie Institute in Pittsburgh. Business entrepreneurs, he believed, were the most progressive force in society and should exert direct control over philanthropic and educational institutions:
Americans do not trust their money to a lot of professors and principals [college presidents] who are bound in set ways, and have a class feeling about them which makes it impossible to make reforms.But two things drove Rockefeller and Carnegie, and their money, into the arms of medicine's scientific reformers. First, there was the philanthropists' own insistence on absolute impartiality and objectivity in their giving. Recall that these two men were about as widely hated by their fellow country-people as any American could be and expected to ride the streets without a police escort. Their charity had to be as seemingly impartial and detached as their money-making had been ruthless. ... Of course such a determined impartiality contained an inevitable bias toward any cause which could represent itself as purely "scientific."
Second, Rockefeller and Carnegie simply could not spend their money all by themselves. Despite the "gospel of wealth" which upheld the plutocrat's unique and personal ability to dispense charity, both men were forced to delegate more and more of the responsibility for managing their philanthropic enterprises. In time philanthropy became institutionalized in corporate-style foundations, but initially there was no one to turn to except, of course, experts—experts in philanthropy. Such men identified with the scientific approach to medicine because it mirrored their own approach to philanthropy. If philanthropy was a matter of sentiment, then rich men could handle it themselves, but if it was a matter of science, then experts would have to do it for them.
The first of the philanthropic experts was Frederick T. Gates, an ex-teacher, ex-farmer, ex-bank clerk, ex-salesman, ex-minister, and, as far as one can tell, general hustler from Minneapolis. When John D. found him in 1891, Gates was heading up something called the American Baptist Education Society and saw himself principally as a minister. But, once established with an office and secretary by Rockefeller, Gates took a more secular turn of mind. To paraphrase one historian, Gates found himself converted from Baptism to Scientism. He came to the conclusion that "the whole Baptist fabric was built upon texts which had no authority. ..." In his work for Rockefeller, he developed what he called "scientific giving," which chiefly meant funneling money through relatively large centralized agencies rather than handing it out piecemeal to small agencies.
Then, in 1897, Gates read Johns Hopkins Professor Osler's Principles and Practice of Medicine and was converted overnight to scientific medicine. There was not much to the "practise," as Gates wrote, but the "principles" were first rate. Gates immediately dashed of a memo to John D. Rockefeller urging the support of medical research and the development of scientifically based medicine.
The bait was set, and medicine's gentleman-scientists began to close in on the money. The story goes that Dr. L. Emmett Holt, pediatrician to the family of John D. Rockefeller, Jr., and a member of the Fifth Avenue Baptist Church attended by the Rockefeller family, converted John D. Rockefeller, Jr., to scientific medicine during a train ride between Cleveland and New York. John Jr. was sufficiently impressed to offer Holt and six of his friends—including the dean of Johns Hopkins medical school and several well-known biological scientists and professors—the money to open a new research institute. These seven men, all united by ties of friendship and common academic interests, accepted twenty thousand dollars from Rockefeller and became the first board of directors of the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research. The money had begun to come together with the men.
The Rockefeller Institute brought all the glamour and mystery of European laboratory research to America. Here at last was a place where medicine's pure scientists could labor undistracted by patients or financial worries. But to Gates, it was much more—it was a "theological seminary, presided over by the Rev. Simon Flexner, D.D." It was a model not only of medical science, but of the gentility to which medicine aspired. The main building featured an enormous paneled dining hall in which the researchers, in obligatory jackets and ties, were served by uniformed waiters. ...
By the mid-nineteen sixties, the Rockefeller Institute, with an endowment of close to $200 million and a staff of over fifteen hundred, remained committed to the patrician ideal. There were chamber music concerts every other week in Caspary Hall; Calders and Klines hanging in the Abby Aldrich Rockefeller dining hall; sherry parties with David Rockefeller. The aim, according to then-president Detlev Bronk, who had been a student and friend of the Institute's founders, was to produce "gentleman scientists."
The Rockefeller Institute and Johns Hopkins (the first American medical school with labs and full-time professors) stood out as citadels of scientific medicine and within a few years they were to produce a stream of important discoveries in bacteriology and immunology. But these two institutions could not, by sheer force of example, produce all the desired "reforms" in medicine. The next step was to weed out the "irregular," non-scientific, and generally low-class medical schools and see that philanthropic funds were channeled into the few institutions which could hope to meet scientific standards. To this end the AMA's Council on Medical Education, an elite committee composed of research-oriented doctors, approached the Carnegie Foundation in 1907.
The Council on Medical Education had already done a nationwide survey of medical schools, rated them, and decided which ones should be purged and which provided for. What they needed from the Carnegie Foundation at this point was not its money, but its imprimatur. The AMA could easily be accused of sectarianism and self-interest, but the Carnegie Foundation, with its board composed of an impeccable roster of university presidents, had a reputation for expertise and impartiality. The foundation's president "at once grasped the possibilities" in the AMA proposal and agreed to finance a new, completely "objective" study of medical education.
To make sure that the Carnegie study would not be tarnished with medical sectarianism of any variety, a layman was hired to do the job—one Abraham Flexner, who happened to be the brother of Simon Flexner, M.D., director of the Rockefeller Institute, and was himself a graduate of Johns Hopkins University. The resulting Flexner Report, which has been hailed by most medical historians as the most decisive turning point in American medical history, was about as unbiased as, say, a television commercial for a cold remedy. There were, according to Flexner, "too many" doctors in the United States and they were too low class—any "crude boy or jaded clerk" was able to get medical training. Some black doctors would be needed, if only to check the spread of disease from black to white neighborhoods: "ten millions of them live in close contact with sixty million whites," Flexner pointed out. Few women doctors were needed, though, he observed. The evidence? The lack of "any strong demand for women physicians or any strong ungratified desire on the part of women to enter the profession." (!) ...
What Abraham Flexner did in 1909 was probably every bit as important as what he wrote. He traveled to every medical school in the country, and there were about 160 at the time. Being from Carnegie, he smelled of money. Being a Flexner, he sounded like Science. His message was simple: conform to the Johns Hopkins model, complete with laboratories in all sciences, salaried professors, etc., or close. For the smaller, poorer schools, this could only mean one thing: close. For the bigger and better schools (i.e., those which, like Harvard, already had enough money to begin to institute the prescribed reforms), it meant the promise of fat foundation grants for further reforms. In fact, the published report was to serve as a convenient guidebook for medical philanthropists. It found that only about 15 percent of the nation's medical schools began to meet "scientific" standards, and identified as salvageable those which were already big, rich, and prestigious. In the twenty years following the publication of the Flexner Report, the nine largest foundations poured over $150 million—one half of what they gave for all purposes—into medical education, adhering strictly to the standards set by Flexner.
The effects of the crusade to "reform" medical education which had begun in the late nineteenth century and culminated, symbolically, with the Flexner Report, were already visible in the teens. Between 1904 and 1915, ninety-two medical schools closed down or merged. The "irregular" schools descended from the Popular Health Movement (which had been a haven for women students) closed in droves; and seven out of ten exclusively female medical colleges shut down. Between 1909 and 1912, the proportion of medical graduates who were women dropped from 4.3 percent to 3.2 percent. Blacks fared even worse, losing all but two (Meharry and Howard) of the original seven black medical schools.
When it came to the social-class composition of medicine, the "reforms" were equally decisive. The regular schools offering low-cost medical training to working- and lower-middle-class youths went the way of the schools for women and black people. Beyond that, Flexner had set a minimum of two years of college education as a requirement for entrance to medical school. At a time when less than 5 percent of the college age population was enrolled in a college or university, this requirement alone closed the medical schools to all but the upper and upper-middle class.
It could be argued that these measures were necessary. A majority of the schools closed by the medical reformers undoubtedly were too small and poorly equipped to offer an adequate medical education. But there could have been an alternative strategy for reform—to spread out the wealth so that many more schools could be improved. This would have left medical education open to large numbers of people. But that, of course, was exactly what the doctors were trying to avoid. With the strategy the foundations chose, medicine became ever more the property of an elite—white, male, and overwhelmingly upper-middle class. Beyond that, the scientific reformers never questioned the real medical value of the professional requirements they sought to impose. The requirement of lengthy scientific training, for example, guaranteed that doctors would be largely from privileged backgrounds, but it did not guarantee that they would have any more practical experience and human empathy than the uneducated healers they replaced.
The rank-and-file regular doctor watched the reforms with mixed feelings. By and large the rank-and-file distrusted scientific medicine and the elite doctors who crusaded for it. New York doctors used to walk out on medical papers dealing with the Germ Theory of Disease because "They wanted to express their contemptuous scorn for such theories and refused to listen to them." ...
Only under pressure from public health authorities and the public would the doctors agree to try diphtheria antitoxin or report TB cases. Those who did subscribe to the Germ Theory of Disease often used it to justify the glad-handed prescribing of alcohol—it killed germs, didn't it? Then too, it must have been painful to watch one's alma mater branded as "third rate" by a mere layman like Flexner who had never driven out to an emergency in a blizzard or held a dying person's hand. (Even the elite felt this change. Hopkins professor William Osler quipped to his colleague William Welch, "We are lucky to get in as professors, for I am sure that neither you nor I could ever get in as students.")
But despite all this, the rank-and-file were not about to buck the reform movement. Medicine's scientific elite were achieving through a precise and methodical campaign what the rank-and-file could never have achieved through bluster and politicking. The competition was falling, and the regulars had all but captured the field. In the eighteen hundreds licensing laws which had been thrown out or emasculated in the thirties and forties had been reinstated, but the laws did not exclude "irregular" doctors, so long as they were trained. Now, as part of the scientific reforms, licensing examination were brought into line with the standards of the most scientific, regular schools. And, at the same time, most states ruled that practicing medicine without a license was a crime punishable not by a fine, or a reprimand, but a prison sentence. The regular sect had gained, at long last, a legal monopoly over the practice of medicine.
And, probably to the great relief of many a practitioner, all this was achieved without ever having to purge the ranks of the existing regulars. The purifying reign of terror which the reformers brought to the schools was never visited on the practitioners themselves. The average practitioner was still free to go around bleeding consumptives, mumbling about "humors," and hooking housewives on opium. To this day, the profession views its most unscientific and outright murderous members with a spirit of gentle forbearance. The standards erected to exclude the "crude boys"—and the girls in general—have never been applied to those who have already entered the brotherhood.
A truly scientific medicine would, of course, have to be self-critical, would have to subject its practitioners to continual evaluation and review. But that could hardly be done without putting a few cracks in the patrician image which regular medicine had fought for so long to achieve. "I warn all of you not to uncover the mistakes of a fellow practitioner," J.E. Stubbs, M.D., wrote in an 1899 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association:
... because, if you do, it will come back like a boomerang, and it will sting to the bitter end. ... We do wrong when we do not try to cover up the mistakes of our brethren. There are many cases that require extreme surgical dexterity and a large amount of knowledge in order to operate successfully; yet those who are operating all the time make mistakes. We have to do a great many things empirically, and if we tell people ... this or that physician has made a great blunder, it hurts him; it hurts the community, because the opinion of the physician in society is considered authority, and particularly in the community in which he lives, among his associates and friends. They consult him as they do no other man; they consult him more confidentially and give up their secrets to him more unreservedly than they do to their priest or minister.Stubbs, clearly, was not tortured by a nagging loyalty to science. The doctor who aspired to the patriarchal authority once held by the "priest or minister" could not be bothered with picayune technical criticisms.
The aspirations—and achievements—of nineteenth-century regular medicine can all be summarized in the figure of one man: Sir William Osler. He not only played a role in the medical-reform movement; to thousands of admirers, he was the goal of it. He was a professor at Johns Hopkins medical school, author of the textbook that turned Frederick Gates on to scientific medicine, and, although he never did any original research in his life, he could expound on the scientific renaissance of medicine in hundred-word-long Victorian sentences gracefully adorned with references to the Greek and Latin classics. The rank-and-file regulars loved him. From "the Atlantic to the Pacific ... [a visitor] ... will find a picture of Osler hanging on the wall in almost every doctor's house." The Osler portraits reminded doctors that medicine was about something more than money, more, even, than science—a mystical kind of power that flowed not just from what the doctor did, but from who he was.
He himself was, by any standards, an aristocrat among physicians. The son of a clergyman (like a surprisingly large number of the scientists of his generation), he studied medicine at McGill and then made the pilgrimage to the great German university laboratories. His combination of good breeding and scientific education quickly brought him to the attention of America's medical elite. According to Osler's memoirs, S. Weir Mitchell traveled to Leipzig for the University of Pennsylvania:
... "to look me over," particularly with reference to personal habits. Dr. Mitchell said there was only one way in which the breeding of a man suitable for such a position [professor of clinical medicine], in such a city as Philadelphia, could be tested—give him cherry-pie and see how he disposed of the stones. I had read of the trick before, and disposed of them genteely in my spoon—and got the Chair. ...Osler's subsequent career as a professor, author, lecturer, and physician to the social elite of Europe and North America (he treated the Prince of Wales) culminated in his receiving a baronetcy—hence the "Sir"—from Queen Victoria in 1911. He saw himself as one link in a genteel tradition which stretched back to Hippocrates, whom he credited with the first "conception and realization of medicine as a profession of a cultivated gentleman." "The way is clear," he told students, as if regular medicine had never known a moment of self-doubt, "blazed for you by generations of strong men. ..."
To a generation of doctors who were still anxious about evolution and skeptical about germs, Osler provided much-needed reassurance. The patriarchal authority of the doctor, he argued, rests on something more ancient and venerable than science. Science itself was not something integral to medicine; it was a kind of extra, "an incalculable gift," a "leaven" to the hardworking practitioner. Science, in fact, was just one part of the general "culture" the physician needed if he was to serve a wealthy clientele. As part of the doctor's general "culture," science could also serve as a kind of disinfectant to protect him in "the most debasing surroundings," such as those inhabited by the poor. "Culture" became all the more important, of course, with a wealthy patient clientele:
The wider and freer a men's [sic] general education the better practitioner he is likely to be, particularly among the higher classes to whom the reassurance and sympathy of a cultivated gentleman of the type of Eryximachus [an aristocratic ancient Greek doctor], may mean much more than pills and potions.So if science was culture, and culture was really class, then, in the end, it was class that healed. Or rather, it was the combination of upper class and male superiority that gave medicine its essential authority. With a patriarchal self-confidence that had almost no further need for instruments, techniques, medications, Osler wrote:
If a poor lass, paralyzed apparently, helpless, bed-ridden for years, comes to me, having worn out in mind, body, and estate a devoted family; if she in a few weeks or less by faith in me, and faith alone, takes up her bed and walks, the saints of old could not have done more. ...Now at last the medical profession had arrived at a method of faith-healing potent enough to compare with woman's traditional healing—but one which was decisively masculine. It did not require a nurturant attitude, nor long hours by the patient's bedside. In fact, with the new style of healing, the less time a doctor spends with a patient, and the fewer questions he permits, the greater his powers would seem to be. ...
There was one last matter to clean up before the triumph of (male) scientific medicine would be complete, and that was the "midwife problem." In 1900, 50 percent of the babies born were still being delivered by midwives. Middle- and upper-class women had long since accepted the medical idea of childbirth as a pathological event requiring the intervention and supervision of a (preferably regular) physician. It was the "lower" half of society which clung to the midwife and her services: the rural poor and the immigrant working class in the cities. ...
The early-twentieth-century midwife was an integral part of her community and culture. She spoke the mother's language, which might be Italian, Yiddish, Polish, Russian. She was familiar not only with obstetrical techniques, but with the prayers and herbs that sometimes helped. She knew the correct ritual for disposing of the afterbirth, greeting the newborn, or, if necessary, laying to rest the dead. She was prepared to live with the family from the onset of labor until the mother was fully recovered. ...
All of this was highly "unscientific," not to mention unbusinesslike. But the problem, from the point of view of medical leaders, was that the midwife was in the way of the development of modern institutional medicine. One of the reforms advanced by medicine's scientific elite was that students should be exposed somewhere along the line not only to laboratories and lectures but to live patients. But which live patients? Given the choice, most people would want to avoid being an object of practice for inexperienced medical students. Certainly no decent woman in 1900 would want her delivery witnessed by any unnecessary young males. The only choice was the people who had the least choice—the poor.
And so the medical schools, the most "advanced" ones anyway, began to attach themselves parasitically to the nearest "charity" hospital. In an arrangement which has flourished ever since, the medical school offered its medical trainees as staff for the hospital; the hospital in turn provided the raw "material" for medical education—the bodies of the sick poor. The moral ambiguities in this situation were easily rationalized away by the leaders of scientific medicine. As a doctor on the staff of Cornell Medical College put it:
There are heroes of war, who give up their lives on the field of battle for country and for principle, and medical heroes of peace, who brave the dangers and horrors of pestilence to save life; but the homeless, friendless, degraded and possibly criminal sick poor in the wards of a charity hospital, receiving aid and comfort in their extremity and contributing each one his modest share to the advancement of medical science, render even greater service to humanity.Medical science now called on poor women to make their contribution to that "most beneficent and disinterested of professions." Obstetrics-gynecology was America's most rapidly developing specialty, and midwives would just have to get out of the way. ... A Dr. Charles E. Zeigler [wrote] in an article addressed to his colleagues in the Journal of the American Medical Association:
It is at present impossible to secure cases sufficient for the proper training in obstetrics, since 75% of the material otherwise available for clinical purposes is utilized in providing a livelihood for midwives.Note the curious construction here: "the material ... is utilized ..." The woman who was seen by her midwife as a neighbor, possibly a friend, was, in the eyes of the developing medical industry, not even a customer: she has become inert "material."
The public campaign against midwives was, of course, couched in terms of the most benevolent concern for the midwives' clientele. Midwives were "hopelessly dirty, ignorant and incompetent, relics of a barbaric past."
They may wash their hands, but oh, what myriads of dirt lurk under the fingernails. Numerous instances could be cited and we might well add to other causes of pyosalpinx "dirty midwives." She is the most virulent bacteria of them all, and she is truly a micrococcus of the most poisonous kind.Furthermore the midwife and, as we shall see, dirtiness in general, were un-American. Overturning almost three hundred years of American history, obstetricians A.B. Emmons and J.L. Huntington argued in 1912 that midwives are
not a product of America. They have always been here, but only incidentally and only because America has always been receiving generous importations of immigrants from the continent of Europe. We have never adopted in any State a system of obstetrics with the midwife as the working unit. It has almost been a rule that the more immigrants arriving in a locality, the more midwives will flourish there, but as soon as the immigrant is assimilated, and becomes part of our civilization, then the midwife is no longer a factor in his home.In the rhetoric of the medical profession, the midwife was no more human than her clientele. She was a foreign "micrococcus" brought over, as was supposedly the case with other germs, in the holds of ships bearing immigrant workers. The elimination of the midwife was presented as a necessary part of the general campaign to uplift and Americanize the immigrants—a mere sanitary measure, beyond debate. ...
In fact, the doctors were not prepared, in any sense of the word, to take over once the midwives were eliminated. For one thing, there were simply not enough obstetricians in the United States to serve the masses of poor and working-class women, even if the obstetricians were inclined to do so. According to historian Ben Barker-Benfield, "even a hostile obstetrician admitted in 1915 that 25 percent of births in New York State outside New York City would be deprived entirely of assistance when the midwife was eliminated."
Then too, obstetricians introduced new dangers into the process of childbirth. Unlike a midwife, a doctor was not about to sit around for hours, as one doctor put it, "watching a hole"; if the labor was going too slow for his schedule he intervened with knife or forceps, often to the detriment of the mother or child. Teaching hospitals had an additional bias toward surgical intervention since the students did have to practice something more challenging than normal deliveries.
The day of the totally medicalized childbirth—hazardously overdrugged and overtreated—was on its way. By the early twentieth century it was already clear even to some members of the medical profession that the doctors' takeover was a somewhat dubious episode in the history of public health. A 1912 study by a Johns Hopkins professor found that most American doctors at the time were less competent than the midwives they were replacing. The physicians were usually less experienced than midwives, less observant, and less likely to even be present at a critical moment.
But, between 1900 and 1930, midwives were almost totally eliminated from the land—outlawed in many states, harassed by local medical authorities in other places. ... With the elimination of midwifery, all women—not just those of the upper class—fell under the biological hegemony of the medical profession. In the same stroke, women lost their last autonomous role as healers. The only roles left for women in the medical system were as employees, customers, or "material."
from For Her Own Good: 150 Years of the Experts' Advice to Women, 1978