Hi folks - as Spring arrives and European trip planning is upon us, I wanted to share a trip report for my ride from Amsterdam to Rome in May - June of 2022 along the Reitsma Route.
I posted about this last spring. Since I couldn’t find many English resources on this route, I hope this post can be helpful for others that are curious. I highly recommend this route.
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TLDR;
I rode the Reitsma Route from Amsterdam to Rome. It was around 1,500 miles (2,415 kms) and took 29 riding days and ~6 rest days.The route is divided into three sections. It included legs in the Netherlands, Germany, Switzerland, Austria and Italy. Most of your miles are in Germany and Italy. I had never done a long distance cycle tour and largely used campgrounds. All resources for this route are in Dutch and so it isn't well known outside of the Netherlands & Belgium.
Stats:
Total Distance: 1,542.8 miles (2481.28 kms)
Average distance per day: 53.2 miles (85.6 kms)
Highest mileage day: 81.2 miles (130.6 kms)
Total elevation gain (gross): 55,879 feet (17,032 meters)
Average elevation gain per day (gross): 1,926.8 feet (587.2 meters)
Most elevation gain in one day: 6,461 feet (1,969.3 meters)
Total Calories burned: 65,885
Total Stroopwafels burned: 488
Average Stroopwafels burned per day: 17
Days Camped: 20
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Resources:
The route can be found here. I don’t speak Dutch and only stumbled upon it in a reddit comment. I used google translate to translate the page. You can download the GPS tracks here. I started by simply plugging these into my phone and could not find a way to get a guide outside of The Netherlands. Along the way, I emailed the route creator and we arranged for him to send me a PDF, which is also in Dutch, but still a big help.
Campgrounds:
The route has campgrounds, but there are gaps where you'll need to arrange a hotel or hostel, especially in Italy. European campgrounds are mostly for RVs and can be cramped. However, I would do it again, as some were real gems. Most had great facilities, and learning what "bread service" was improved my life dramatically. Italy had fewer campgrounds, so budget for that. I was tempted to wild camp but did not.
Route description and commentary:
My favorite aspect of this route is the diverse range of cultures encountered and the gradual transitions between them. I want to emphasize that. The experience of these transitions is a slow and immersive one, allowing for a deeper understanding of the way in which the surrounding culture is influenced by the changing terrain. Starting with the Dutch and ending with the Italians, the route provides a comprehensive experience of these cultural shifts.
Life fell into a bit of rhythm. A predictable routine emerged: wake up, eat, load bike, start cycling, stop for coffee, and possibly grab a bite. Being in different countries, the routine varied slightly based on cultural differences. For example, I could rely on great grocery stores in The Netherlands but less so in Italy, where I survived on foccacia pizza and espresso.
Through the Netherlands and Germany, I experienced a more flat terrain. I cycled through charming villages, lush river valleys, and rolling farmland. The Roer, Neckar & Rhine rivers influenced the route and were major highlights. Since I traveled in early June, the temperatures were cool, and I encountered occasional rain showers, so be sure to pack accordingly. I started the day with a sweater and often kept it on all day. One of my favorite pieces of gear in this section was a buff around my neck.
On Day 13 of my trip, I was thrilled to finally catch a glimpse of the Alps and arrived in Garmisch-Partenkriche, situated at the foot of Zugspitze, Germany's tallest mountain. From there, the route changed significantly as I entered the Alps and crossed the Buchener Höhe and Reschen passes, where I was treated to the stunning views of the Ortler peaks. One of the highlights of the trip was cycling along the headwaters of the Adige River, watching it gradually grow and support entire cities. I was surprised to ride in Italy for three days and still be immersed in Germanic culture. It wasn't until Trento that I truly felt like I was in Italy.
Emerging from the Alps, I quickly traversed the Po River Valley before pushing towards the rugged Apennine Mountains. In Ferrara, I opted for the scenic and challenging Tuscan route, passing through the Emilia Romagna region and over Passo della Futa towards those rolling Tuscan hills. The Val d'Orcia marked the striking end of Tuscany, followed by visits to charming Sorano and Lago di Bolsena. The final stretch to Rome was somewhat of a no man's land, which I covered in a single day. The surreal experience of riding from the North Sea to the steps of the Vatican culminated in my arrival in Rome, which appeared as a colossus after so many small villages.
General Advice & Observations:

• Surprisingly, it wasn’t easy to find someone to work on my bike in Amsterdam. Most shops only wanted to work on those standard Dutch step through bikes. A local confirmed this and lamented the fact.
• Virtually everyone on the route up until the Alps was Dutch, unsurprisingly.
• The route links together several existing networks. You can leverage that and then hop onto another one, if you don’t have Rome as a goal.
• I did virtually no planning and it turned out fine. I downloaded the GPS and trusted the route maker. I didn’t have the actual guide until around 10 days of riding. That helped me pick places to eat or stop, so I recommend getting it. Additionally, it lists bike shops if you have trouble.
• There was always a place to stop and resupply/eat/get a coffee each day. Just note that Sundays in the smaller villages are very quiet and some places may be closed.
• I’d say most of your effort is in the last 1/3 of this route if you choose Tuscany. But I would do it again, no question.
• Savor the Alps. Don’t rush through this.
• Italy has more traffic, but I didn’t have any bad experiences.
• Every campground I stayed in had toilets and showers.
• I had never camped in Europe. Tents tend to be pitched somewhat closer together than I was used to.

Bike Setup:
Here’s a quick video of my setup. Here’s a quick summary.

• Dropbar carbon gravel bike with WTB Venture fast rolling gravel tires. No need for those tires, but they did fine. Would have liked to be sitting more upright, but I did enjoy the quickness/nimbleness of my bike.
• Tailfin saddle bag and panniers. Loved these! Oveja Negra bags elsewhere
• 1 person tent. Would have preferred a 2 person for those rainy days.

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Daily summaries:
I plugged my journal entries into ChatGPT and it output these daily summaries. Not sure how useful it is, but it is a bit amusing
Day 1: Cycling trip begins from Amsterdam, stops at a grocery store, rides through parks and forests, and ends at a campground. 46.38 miles
Day 2: Longer ride than expected, met another cyclist, found a great campground, and survived on stroopwafels. Long ride due to first day deviation. 74.07 miles
Day 3: Followed the Maas river, did 50 miles, and ended the day at Roermond. 48.71 miles
Day 4: Crossed the border into Germany, encountered rolling hills, and saw many memorials about crashed allied bomber planes. 74.87 miles
Day 5: Woke up with a sore neck, passed through small towns and farmland, descended a nearby mountain to reach the west bank of the Rhine, and ended the ride in Koblenz. 61.96 miles
Day 6: Biked through scenic spots in Germany, including the UNESCO World Heritage site of the Rhine River, and stopped at a farmers market before finding a better campground. 51.16 miles
Day 7: Was kidnapped by two German men who showed him the way to a biergarten and committed to following the Reitsma route in its entirety. Camped at a less-than-ideal campground and had an unpleasant interaction with a German woman. 68.54 miles
Day 8: Experienced the best day of cycling so far, exploring the Neckar River valley and stopping for lunch before arriving at a charming hotel in Bad Wimpfen. 68.55 miles
Day 9-11: Cycling through different German states, noticing the rules-based society and overwhelming beer selection, improving campgrounds, and encountering fellow cyclists. 44.9 miles - 80.6 miles - 40.2 miles
Day 12-13: Reflecting on Germany's past, helping swans cross a busy road, encountering small towns and villages with occasional bakeries, and finally seeing the Alps in Garmisch-Partenkriche. 36.78 miles - 54.73 miles
Day 14: Crossing into Austria, conquering the Buchener Höhe mountain pass, noticing traditional Alpine clothing and people making hay, and trying a half iced tea/half peach juice. 57.79 miles
Day 15: Cycling through Italy, Switzerland, and Austria, conquering a mountain pass, encountering a castle on an ancient Roman road, and experiencing a Germanic region within Italy. 60.25 miles
Day 16: Cycled downhill in beautiful weather, followed the river Adige, passed through an apple growing region, and learned about a special bread made in the valley. 37.99 miles
Day 17-19: Cycled 1000 miles, experienced bike problems, saw the Dolomites from Bolzano, encountered Italian culture in Trento, enjoyed the food in Verona, and stayed at a castle in a campground. 53.91 miles - 50.34 miles - 53.01 miles
Day 20-21: Crossed the Po River valley towards Venice, stayed at a B&B near Lendinara, passed by Ferrara, and arrived in Bologna. 60.08 miles - 74.11 miles
Day 22: Encountered challenging climbs, was greeted with a standing ovation by a group of Italian riders, and felt today was the biggest elevation gain in a single day. 48.58 miles
Day 23: Rode from Passo della Futa to Florence, saw hints of the Tuscan landscape, visited Basco Ai Frati monastery, and visited a Donatello exhibit in Florence. 37.04 miles
Day 24: Rest day in Florence, visited Donatello exhibit, upgraded lodging at beautiful villa in Chianti region. 37.11 miles
Day 25: Short ride from Chianti to Siena, impressed by Piazza del Campo, stumbled upon preparations for the Palio di Siena. 21.42 miles
Day 26: Rode through Val d'Orcia, first road sign referencing Rome in Montalcino, stayed in Castelnuovo dell’Abate and learned about Carabinieri. 43.5 miles
Day 27-28: Camped by Lago Bolsena, visited Sorano and had a big meal at an agriturismo, rested and planned for big day of cycling to reach Rome on day 29. 66.03 miles - 11.99 miles
Day 29: Completed longest ride ever at 81 miles, arrived in Rome and ultimately at the Vatican. 81.2 miles
Edited for clarity

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After kicking things off with the running backs earlier this week, we’re switching over to the defensive side for the first time for these positional draft breakdowns and look at this linebacker class. Especially as we get to these positions on defense, where what you covet depends so much on what your scheme asks of players and how play-callers utilize these guys, boards will look a lot different for each team. So this is just me looking at this from a more general standpoint and ranking these prospects based on how valuable their skill-sets can be for the NFL.
It’s kind of an ambiguous group of linebackers this year I believe, because as we get to the edge defenders a couple of weeks from now, you’ll see that there’s some overlap, where a player may be defined differently depending on who you ask. Wisconsin’s Nick Herbig for example will be part of my edge rundown, rather be listed here.
I don’t think there’s a single clear-cut first-rounder, taking positional value into account, but the first four names should all go in the second round and then there’s about seven names I think have a case to go in the third. After that, there are quite a few names, who can fill a certain role and contribute on special teams, but overall there are just too many guys I think are undersized or lack a certain quality, for me to call this a strong class.
This is how I have these names stacked up:
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1. Jack Campbell, Iowa

6’5”, 245 pounds; RS SR
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Just a three-star recruit in 2019, Campbell saw very limited action as a true freshman, but already filled the stat sheet pretty well as a backup in year two. He exploded in 2021, when he was a second-team All-Big Ten selection, thanks to 140 total tackles, 3.5 for loss, six PBUs, two interceptions and fumble recoveries each, of which he returned one to the house respectively. This past season, he won the Butkus Award for the top LB in the nation and was named Big-10 Defensive Player of the Year, along with being named first-team All-American, with very similar numbers to the year prior.
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+ Has oldschool measurements for the position and plays with a great combination of instincts and trust in film study
+ One of those guys, who just sees plays coming before they happen and he plays faster than his time speed (4.65 in the 40) would indicate – legitimately reads out plays between the tackles and sorts through the trash to great effect
+ Routinely squeezes through the crease between blockers and churns his legs to stop the momentum of ball-carriers, It almost looks like a running back trying to drive ahead as he’s in contact against those guys
+ When meeting a lead- or insert-blocker in the hole, Campbell typically stands that guy up and forces the ball-carrier to stop his feet momentarily at least
+ His hands to shed are rapid and effective, while the length allows him to be first to initiate contact and keep his frame clean mostly
+ Has some excellent lateral agility to side-step linemen working up to him and getting his hands on the guy with the ball, which putting up the top marks in the three-cone (6.74) and short-shuttle (4.24) at the combine backs up
+ This guy just finds a way to bring ball-carriers to the ground, whether it’s head-on collisions, having to twist them down from the side or dive after guys to just trip them up, And with his strength, he consistently makes sure that guy goes backwards once he arrives there
+ Won’t stop pursuing the ball and gets involved on every other tackle it seems like
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+ Has great awareness and length to pop the ball up when quarterbacks try to throw crossers over his head
+ His height also makes it challenging to put the ball out in front for guys streaking down the seams when he’s carrying them
+ Active communicator in zone coverage, who points out targets he’s passing off from his area
+ Understands when he’s being high-low stretched and is ready to make tackles for minimal yardage if the ball is completed in front of him – 19 coverage stops his past season
+ Was the highest-graded LB in coverage according to PFF (92.9) last season, who continues ripping through the hands of receivers in his area to dislodge the ball
+ You’ll see him flow lateral run-fakes in order to take care of his assignments if the ball is actually handed off, but be light enough on his feet to change direction and gain depth quickly
+ So consistent with his angles in space and meeting guys at the sideline, breaking down in space and slinging guys dynamic skill players to the ground
+ Takes a very aggressive approach when matched one-on-one with the back and often doesn’t even let them get into their routes/past the line of scrimmage cleanly
+ In the screen game and when being matched up with somebody having to fight over rubs, he’s consistently the one landing his hands and working off contact
+ Tremendous at timing up his blitzes, without giving anything away typically
+ Does well to sort through the trash as an add-on rusher or green-dogs
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– Doesn’t quite have that flat-out speed to run down ball-carriers from the backside as some other top LB prospects like Clemson’s Trenton Simpson for example, and you see some backs beat him towards the sideline after catching the ball out in the flats
– Not somebody who’ll just shoot through gaps and create negative plays, with only nine of his 265 combined tackles these past two seasons being for loss
– Makes plays as a coverage player in Iowa’s scheme, but if he had to actually run with receivers vertically or just match smaller bodies truly in man-coverage, with lots of space and no help, he’ll probably struggle, The NFL may find ways to isolate that aspect of his game
– When he’s mugged over the center or can’t shoot through a gap as a blitzer, too often his rush stalls, allowing blockers to square him up
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It’s rare to find a linebacker like Campbell these days, with how much lighter that position has come, to counter offenses spreading them out. This guy is a true oldschool MIKE, who can consistently stack-and-shed offensive linemen and create stalemates in the hole against big backs. Campbell doesn’t have a ton of range, but his short-area burst is more than adequate and as his numbers at the combine proved, he has shocking agility for a player his size. He won’t make a ton of splash plays at the next level or be somebody who you feel great about flexing out into the slot, but he’s absolutely a three-down player, who will instantly boost your run defense and be a valuable piece in coverage, with his awareness, length and open-field tackling skills.
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2. Drew Sanders, Arkansas

6’5”, 235 pounds; JR
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If labelled as an actual linebacker (instead of “ATH”) in the 2020 recruiting class, Sanders would have been behind only those two Oregon guys in Noah Sewell and Justin Flowe – and he was the top overall recruit in the state of Texas. As a freshman at Alabama, he was a core special teamer and worked his way onto the field defensively in year two, taking over for the injured Christopher Allen at SAM, before suffering an injury that limited his time over the second half of the season, ultimately starting three of 12 games played and recording 24 tackles and two PBUs. He decided to transfer in-conference ahead of 2022 and became a star on Arkansas’ defense off the ball as their MIKE, as he racked up 103 total tackles, 13.5 of those for loss, 9.5 sacks, three forced fumbles, one interception and five PBUs, making him a first-team All-SEC and All-American selection.
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+ Has enough force in his hands to set a physical edge in the run game when lined up there, whilst being reliable with holding his contain responsibilities, And that ability to lock out also shows up when he has to keep blockers at bay who work straight up to him
+ Approaches the line of scrimmage with urgency and does not hesitate to bang into bigger bodies, to squeeze down lanes
+ There are some snaps on tape, where he meets wrap-around pullers in the hole and control them with full extension
+ Very slippery with slicing through a gap before linemen can combo off to him, in order to flash in the backfield and force cutbacks
+ Possesses plus contact balance, to stay on his feet and at times wrap up the ball-carrier, whilst blockers are engaged with him
+ Displays good patience on the backside of zone runs, to shuffle along for a potential cutback, and then has enough speed to flatten and knock guys out of bounds for four-/five-yards gains as the ball-carrier decides to bounce
+ Overall, Sanders is very active with his hands to fight off blocks and get contact on the guy with the ball, And when needed he can scrape over guys trying to pin him away from the action
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+ Displays good awareness as a zone dropper, for targets curling up behind him and to pick up guys trying to work underneath him
+ When he drives down on stuff in front of him, he explodes out of his stance and will get there in a hurry
+ Light on his feet and reads the hip of scrambling quarterbacks well, to limit their yardage as a spy or just hook dropper
+ In general, his chase speed out to the perimeter is a major plus
+ His length is not only an asset when battling with blockers, but also increasing his range in coverage and to slow down ball-carriers trying to run away from him
+ Packs some pretty effective hand-swipes and can link those better with his hips than most off-ball backers, Especially slapping the hands away and sliding inside of tackles can create issues for those guys
+ Can physically overwhelm running backs tasked with picking him up as a blitzer, and if he learns how to utilize his suddenness, he will become even more dangerous, as he can side-step guys to greater effect
+ Times up the snap exceptionally well and crashes through one half of guards at full force
+ Racked up an insane 39 pressures and basically double-digit sacks on just 147 pass-rush snaps (according to PFF) last year
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– Needs to get stronger and more comfortable with stacking and shedding blockers technically correct with consistency, if teams want him to be a true MIKE at the next level
– At times is too hell-bent on beating blockers to the spot on the front-side and enables backs to cut up runs inside of him
– And way too often he’s racing down on quarterbacks off bootlegs or scrambling and badly overshoots the target, as that guy stops to just slip inside of him
– Not a super forceful tackler, as ball-carriers gain a couple of extra yards as he hits them from the side quite regularly – missed an alarming 19.6% of his tackling attempts this past season (22 of 125)
– Still learning the intricacies of the position in coverage as well, where he’s caught “covering grass” on too many occasions
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Unlike a few other prospects where I’d say it’s unjustified they get labelled that way, Sanders truly is a diverse play-maker. He has the size, length, flexibility and powerful hands to potentially play outside linebacker in odd- or even-fronts, as well as either stand-up spot between the tackles. The question is how you do ultimately deploy him and if he’s better suited being more locked into one spot early on, before you really tap into that versatility once he’s acclimated to the NFL. Breaking down and running his feet through tackles will be a major area of improvement for him, but what he can provide as a pressure player from different angles and alignments, combined with the tough and aggressive mindset to attack against the run, give him the potential to be the most impactful linebacker of this class.
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3. Daiyan Henley, Washington State

6’1”, 220 pounds; RS SR
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A pretty unknown two-star recruit in 2017, Henley spent five years at Nevada, where for the first three, he was basically a designated special teamer. However, he saw more defensive action in 2020 and then really made noise the following season, recording 94 tackles, two for loss, four interceptions, passes deflected and fumbles recovered each. Thanks to a redshirt and the COVID exception, he got a chance to prove himself for a Power-Five program at Wazzu, where he racked up 106 total stops, 12 for loss, four sacks, one pick, three fumbles forced and two more recovered. That earned him first-team All-Pac-12 accolades.
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+ Good girth throughout his frame and can stack up blockers on the move to great effect, actively engaging contact, And you see him work off contact on an angle well, to still get his hands on the ball and stop momentum
+ Shows some twitch and short-area agility to navigate around traffic and flattening after going underneath blocks
+ Packs a sudden dip of the outside shoulder when linemen or tight-ends try to block down on him, to slip around and run down the ball-carrier
+ You really like the way Henley floats down the line in the zone run game, whilst keeping his shoulders square to the line of scrimmage
+ When trailing pulling guards, he can beat those guys to the spot and blow through their shoulder on like GT power, to funnel the ball back inside
+ His chase speed across the field or to run down fly sweeps is very impressive, You see him run down guys like Heisman trophy winner Caleb Williams in space looking at their ’22 matchup vs. USC
+ And he rarely allows opponents to pin him away from the action, using the near-arm as a window wiper, so he can’t be grabbed
+ Very strong tackler, who stuffs the momentum of ball-carriers typically when meeting them head-up, while flipping them over if he catches them on an angle
+ Will alligator-roll or lasso guys to the ground in space and rarely misses any key stops – missed a miniscule five of 111 attempts this past season
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+ Arguably has the best movement skills as a coverage backer in this class, which was also apparent at the combine, where all his change-of-direction stuff was super tight, not taking any unnecessary steps or having any delay on those (along with being above-average in all the testing)
+ I thought with the Cougars, what Henley did in coverage had a lot more purpose, whether it’s acting like a quasi-spy or drifting underneath patterns, to shrink those windows for the QB
+ Does well to pick off crossers as a hook-defender and is quick to drive up on stuff in the flats or shut down backs hooking up over the middle, while being very patient, to not let that foot-fake him in one-on-one tackling situations
+ Displays some impressive mobility to redirect vs. boot action and take away lay-ups or chase down the QB
+ Had some great moments in coverage one-on-one with the running backs during Senior Bowl week, perfectly driving on, undercutting and reaching around for clean PBUs
+ Because of how easily he gains ground vertically, you can put him guy anywhere on the line of scrimmage and bail him out into those hook-to-flat areas
+ Shows real skills as a pass-rusher, being able to execute hand swipes, bend and flatten to the quarterback – he wasn’t asked to blitz a ton, but he won on 24.6% of his rushes (according to PFF)
+ Henley’s closing burst was used on some cross-dog blitzes and wide loops as part of Wazzu’s pressure packages, typically when walked down over the center
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– Seemed like a very reactionary player at Nevada and I still wouldn’t describe him as somebody that methodically reads through his keys, to lead him to the football
– Gets his eyes trapped in the backfield fairly regularly and can be caught off guard by misdirection
– Not somebody you want to stack-and-shed bigger bodies and may be a pure WILL in some schemes around the league
– While the movement skills are all there seemingly to be an asset in man-coverage, we have very limited reps to evaluate him off, and he wasn’t asked to actively squeeze down windows in zone shells
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After just laying my eyes on Henley initially, the first thing I was worried about was seeing that he’s like a super super-senior. Yet, when I looked at the actual age, I realized that he won’t turn 24 until mid-way through his rookie season. Once I got past that, I was wondering how he was behind a bunch of other names at the position on consensus boards, who he thankfully seems to have risen above recently. He’ll play in the 225-pound range most likely, but the way he can reduce his surface area and make impact against the run make him a great fit on the weak-side, if you have more of a thumper at MIKE. And his movement skills as a coverage defender make him a highly intriguing prospect. To me, Henley just needs to continue working on reading his keys and not zeroing in on what he sees in the backfield.
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4. Trenton Simpson, Clemson

6’3”, 225 pounds; JR
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Being pretty much head-to-head with Oregon’s Justin Flowe and Noah Sewell for the title as the number one LB recruit in 2020, Simpson already flashed as a true freshman, but really impressed in year two, when he recorded 65 total tackles, 12.5 for loss, 6.5 sacks and two passes broken up in the STAR role, which guys like Dorian O’Daniel and Isaiah Simmons played prior to him under Brent Venables. This past season, he played between the tackles more regularly and while his negative plays created went down (four TFLs and 2.5 sacks), he did reach a career-high 72 tackles, three PBUs and a couple of forced fumbles.
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+ His short-area explosiveness really pops off the screen, whether he can flat-out shoot through a lane before the blocker can get there or he actively back-doors zone blockers and still flattens down to the back (the 4.43 at the combine backed that up)
+ Does a nice job of moving laterally with blocks on the move and disengaging at the right moment, to get the wrap on the ball-carrier
+ With him at the tip of tight bunches, those receivers have no chance of actually keeping him from the action as blockers
+ When offenses use lead-blockers on Simpsons, he will blast into them and actually knock them backwards, even if they outweigh him by 30+ pounds
+ If tight-ends are asked to seal him on the backside, this guy will lift them off their feet momentarily or completely throw them to the side at times
+ Leaving him unblocked as an edge defender, when running the ball the other way, is a gamble, because he has that short-area burst to run people down before they get to the line of scrimmage, if they have top hesitate at all
+ So light on his feet when tracking ball-carriers out to the perimeter and keeping his shoulders square in order to not make it easy for the guy across from him to get around him (to either direction)
+ Pretty reliable tackler, who shoots his arms and chops down ball-carriers on an angle when corralling them in open space (10.5% miss rate across the past two seasons)
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+ This is an incredible loose athlete, whose movement in space as a coverage asset will make him very intriguing to NFL teams
+ Has the speed to carry receivers down the seams or hashes and then can redirect to be in the vicinity for crossers, once he’s passed them on to his safeties, There are a couple of really impressive reps running with tight-ends straight down the field and raking the ball out of their hands
+ You can’t really attack this guy with running backs sliding across his alignment or releasing late, because of how quickly he closes that distance to them in man-/match-coverage
+ Even if he does get sucked up by play-action, he can rapidly gain depth and take away easy opportunities on crossers over his head
+ Very light on his toes, to not get caught in the mud as tight-ends try to break away from him
+ Understands where his leverage is, how much gain to depth in his drops and peaks out to potential receivers breaking his way
+ Greets targets coming into his area as a hook-defender, by throwing a friendly shoulder into them regularly
+ Has the quick burst to chase down scrambling QBs effectively
+ If Simpson can time the snap up properly and come in as a blitzer with a running start, he’s like a missile, And you regularly see him just run through the reach of backs in protection, while making good use of his active hands generally, to side-step them
+ Particularly being lined up over the center initially and then shooting to then through B-gap makes him highly dangerous
+ His lateral agility and how quickly he closes that space to the QB, led to him regularly being deployed as a spy and/or add-on rusher, where he tpyically elevated to take away passing lanes
+ Was blitzed off the edge on multiple occasions, where he could win with speed or then counter inside as he gets tackles to flip their hips
​
– Once again, with guys playing that overhang position for the Tigers in recent years, there’s no one legit spot they can plug him in right away (at least in terms on base packages)
– Had very little experience reading the run in-between the tackles prior to this season, where he seemed to be more reactionary and didn’t look very comfortable trying to take on blockers near the point of attack – more of a see-ball get-ball type of player right now
– Regularly takes the worse off contact with O-linemen in the run game and when he gets caught off balance, trying to shoot through a crease, he gets taken for a ready by some guys, And he needs to keep his outside arm free when tasked with contain responsibilities.
– While his coverage profile is highly intriguing purely from what he can do athletically, he was largely a spot-dropper in zone, and he doesn’t yet have that feel for find the right balance between reading the QB’s eyes and targets in space
– For a guy with nearly 1500 total defensive snaps in his career and appealing because of the way he can play in space, no interceptions and five PBUs is underwhelming ball-production
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In contrast to Iowa’s Jack Campbell, who is your prototype middle linebacker from days past, Simpson is very much in the mold of what the NFL has been transitioning to, in order to counter 11-personnel heavy offenses and how they’ve attacked slower bodies in coverage. Simpson has legit sideline-to-sideline speed and you love the way he can move in space – gaining depth, flipping his hips and quickly erasing distance. However, I was a bit discouraged by the fact his instincts as a zone-defender, to see/feel receivers around him and still triggering as he sees the quarterback initiate his release. That combined with being a lot more impactful as a run-and-chase type of player has me thinking he actually projects for more narrow role than some people would make you think – a WILL linebacker with heavy usage in man-coverage against backs and tight-ends. On top of that, where he can still become a real asset is as a spy or add-on rusher against mobile quarterbacks in obvious passing situations.
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https://preview.redd.it/8ak1ubdakpoa1.jpg?width=750&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=b60e271163f49cd963b2f67ab7762651bddc9baf
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5. Henry To’o To’o, Alabama

6’2”, 230 pounds; SR
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A top-50 overall recruit in 2019, To’o To’o collected 140 combined tackles, 12.5 of those for loss, four passes deflected and a pick-six during his two years at Tennessee, he transferred over to Alabama ahead of the ’21 season, as his head coach Jeremy Pruitt was let go, He turned that into a second-team All-SEC season, with 111 total tackles, 7.5 for loss, four sacks and a fumble forced, Last year he improved to first-team, with 94 more stops, eight for loss and 2.5 sacks
​
+ Primarily played the MIKE spot for the Crimson Tide and was a key cog for that unit over the last couple of years
+ Can flow front-side with controlled steps and square shoulders, before redirecting and taking down the ball-carrier on cutbacks for limited yardage
+ Doesn’t mindlessly shoot through gaps, just because they open up in front of his him, if the back is still behind the line of scrimmage and not aiming that way
+ With his arms being just ¼ of an inch short of the 33-mark, you see him extend effectively on angular blockers, when he has leverage on the gap
+ Light on his feet to mirror guys navigating around blocks and pairs his lateral movement simultaneously with quick hand-swipes
+ Due to seeing it early, he has adequate speed and quick hands to scrape over the top of blocks and shut down perimeter-oriented plays
+ Pursues the ball with great energy and shuts things down out to the edges more frequently than you’d expect a 4.62 guy to do
+ Shows up all over the field, constantly getting involved on tackles after turning around and chasing after completions over his head
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+ While To’o To’o is an excellent run-defender, he rarely gets his eyes trapped in the backfield or get sucked in deep by play-action, not voiding his area needlessly
+ Active communicator in zone coverage, who passes off and is looking to pick up targets as the pattern progresses
+ Effectively takes away hook, stick and curl routes by floating underneath them
+ Displays great awareness for crossing routes coming in behind him and getting underneath them
+ For a longer build, he can flip his hips pretty smoothly and he adjust the angle accordingly, as he recognizes the depth of routes
+ Doesn’t shy away from crashing through one shoulder of an interior lineman and creating issues as a pressure player
+ Recognizes when he can rush because the back stays in protection or if there’s an opening for him, as the back is delayed in his release, helping out with chips
+ Was used on some green-dog blitzes and as a spy rusher, Executed some WIDE loops all the ball from the B-gap to the opposite edge
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– Sometimes loses discipline on the front-side and guesses on cutbacks, reading things more like a running back
– Doesn’t shoot his hips through the hit and drive his legs as a tackler, which led to him missing 35(!) combined attempts across his two seasons with the Crimson Tide (14.6% miss rate)
– Barely played over 100 snaps outside the tackle box across these past two years and won’t be somebody you’re comfortable with matching with guys in the slot
– Has to get to a plan of how to defeat running backs sliding his way, when rushing around the edge in particular, too often stopping his feet in those situations
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I feel like To’o To’o has gotten dragged too much so far by draft media. There’s nothing really sexy about his game and the amount of missed tackles is disturbing, but he’s been a very consistent every-down player in the middle of Nick Saban’s defense and I feel like there needs to be some context for those numbers – not only was he regularly one-on-one with some of the premier SEC backs, the two Texas guys (both top-10 RBs for me) and K-State lightning bug Deuce Vaughn, but he wasn’t totally reckless and leaves his teammates in tough spots or isn’t strong enough, but rather he needs to work on exploding his hips through contact more. He’s a disciplined zone defender and shows an understanding for how to attack protections when utilized as a pressure player. He may not be a three-down contributor for every team, because they would rather put an extra DB on the field, but I don’t see him be a legit weakness in passing situations.
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https://preview.redd.it/pezgdysekpoa1.jpg?width=750&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=4e05a9a09dde760b455b022411f582c9175c3d98
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6. DeMarvion Overshown, Texas

6’4”, 220 pounds; SR
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Around the top-50 overall recruits in 2018, Overshown only appeared in one game as a freshman, but in 15 games of the 2019 and ’20 season combined as a starter, he totalled 78 tackles, 15 of those for loss, ten passes broken up, three sacks, interceptions and fumbles forced each. He had an even better year in ’21 however, when his stats were right in line with that, but he made several big plays to earn himself honorable mention All-Big 12 accolades. Last year that improved to first-team, as he put up career-highs in three categories (96 total tackles, 10 TFLs, four sacks) and broke up five passes (no INTs).
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+ While he may give up plenty of weight to offensive linemen and even plenty of tight-ends, Overshown does not shy away from playing downhill
+ You see him on some outside-oriented run schemes, where he crashes the outside shoulder and force the ball-carrier to cut inside
+ More patient on the front-side, to stay behind combos and not give the back easy answers
+ In tight spaces, Overshown’s lack of bulk may show up at times, but when he can build up some momentum chasing the ball, he can make opposing players fly through the air
+ One of his best assets is the sudden explosiveness to flow with a play, then redirect and pursue, as a running back cuts back or the offense has a reverse drawn up, but also just stepping around guys and meeting the ball-carrier in the hole
+ Watching him open up and shut down swing screens to the back and you think he’s shot out of a cannon
+ You see him make a lot of plays on off-tackle runs from the backside, bubbling over the top of potential blockers, flattening down the line and running down guys
+ And his range to pursue from outside the screen and pop guys when he does arrive there is pretty crazy
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+ Such an easy mover in space, with loose hips and light feet to cover ground
+ He rapidly gains depth on vertical drops and then can shut down flat or shallow cross routes in front of him for minimal yardage
+ Sorts well through mesh concepts and has the speed to run with the shallow crosser once he ends up matched up with them
+ His length forces quarterbacks to put extra arc on the ball when trying to throw over his head and with that wing-span it gives him little extra room to get a hand on balls around him
+ Not somebody quarterbacks are looking to target when manned up with the back, comfortably sticking with them for the most part
+ In the screen game, you see him routinely beat linemen to the spot, where he makes them look slow as hell, and even if they do initiate contact, he’ll use his length and motor to fight off those blocks
+ When blitzing up the middle, Overshown arrives at the quarterback in a hurry and if the O-line has to figure out how to pick up games up front, they might not even be able to get a hand on him
+ Can also create issues looping around the edge, which he runs with pretty good bend, And off that, Texas had him creep and bail out routinely on passing downs, because they trust his speed to get back into his area
+ With his explosion off the ball and length, he can legitimately rush off the corner, and he can be weaponized by knifing inside off T-E twists, where all he needs is a quick swipe-down with the near-arm as he works across the face of guards
+ His closing burst when racing down as quarterbacks roll outside or comes on a delayed blitz as the back stays in protection is eye-opening
+ Spent well over 100 snaps in the slot and the edge respectively last season
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– Simply doesn’t have the mass to actually take on blockers in his face as a box-defender and gets covered up by bigger bodies pretty good, Just too easily his momentum is stymied as he runs into guys who outweigh him, such as tight-ends sealing him off, who can put their frame in the way
– Has to throw himself into linemen when trying to take on blocks head-on and momentarily lose vision the ball
– A 30.4 PFF grade against the run in 2021 is why he returned for his redshirt senior season, and he may need to be projected by scheme to some degree
– Hasn’t been asked to play a lot of man-coverage, I would like to see him redirect quicker to misdirection in the play-action game, to pick up crossers behind him
– While he has improved in that regard, Overshown’s 15.8% missed tackle rate over the last two years, is still not up to par, too often diving at the ankles of ball-carriers
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This has been one of the more fun players to watch on the second level for the last few years. Overshown’s speed and how ferocious his play style is, you see him show up all over the field. At the same time, he’s not a reckless player and has already taken major strides in terms of processing the game. He does feature a very slender build and there will be some limitations, but he does have great length, which he can make more of a weapon with NFL coaching. You want to see him on the ground less, but his speed and lack of fear should make him a special teams standout early on and flash in defensive packages, until his new team is comfortable with the way he continues to add strength.
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https://preview.redd.it/ssub8g8jkpoa1.jpg?width=750&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=b81bac429031cef5d2e4cbc051a901b24cdec711
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7. Ivan Pace Jr., Cincinnati

5’11”, 235 pounds; SR
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Outside the top-3000 overall recruits in 2019 for Miami of Ohio, Pace announced himself to the nation by tying an NCAA record with six sacks in a win over Akron as a true freshman. He ended up only getting one more across the other 15 games he played through two years. In 2021, he became an every-down impact player, being named first-team All-MAC thanks to leading the conference with 125 total tackles, with 13 of those leading to negative yardage, four sacks, three PBUs, an interception and forced fumble each. Transferring over to Cincinnati for his final campaign, he put his name more in the national spotlight, as the AAC Defensive Player of the Year and a first-team All-American, thanks to 136 combined stops, 20.5 of those for loss, nine sacks, four PBUs and a couple of forced fumbles.
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+ Good thickness throughout his frame and plays big, but also can just slip through traffic in an odd fashion almost
+ Does well to step to the hip and rip through the reach of offensive linemen working up to him, to protect one side, And he’s gotten stronger at working through contact, to get his hands on the ball-carrier or crash through one half of guys, to create havoc in the back-field
+ Has some shocking contact balance and flexibility to contort his body and stay upright versus much larger bodies, consistently playing with sink in his stance to maximize that low center of gravity
+ Lining up on the edge, you can’t really ask a tight-end to take care of him in the run game, especially when he can shoot the C-gap and run down plays from the backside
+ I really like the way he plays with his shoulders square to the line of scrimmage when possible, along with using his hands and working around blockers scraping from the backside
+ Plus, when he sees a wrap-around pull or insert block in his gap, he accelerates into contact at the line of scrimmage, to not allow an extra gap to be created
+ I thought when he joined the Bearcats his diagnosing skills and willingness to beat ball-carriers to the spot allowed him to create a lot more negative plays
+ Has some legit hitting power, to bounce ball-carriers on their backside at impact, There’s very little churning of legs for opponents – he bangs them to the turf from the side as he arrives on an angle
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+ Does well to ID targets in space with a quick peak, while mostly having his eyes on the quarterback, And there’s no overreaction to anything that happens to him really
+ Understands when the read he’s occupied with is dead and he can redirect, to take a second option
+ Can totally disrupt receivers/tight-ends stemming down the stems by banging them off balance
+ Will quickly close down that distance to the quarterback and lay the wood on them, if they don’t get rid of the ball rapidly, on bootlegs and rollouts
+ When Pace has space to work one-on-one against a guard, his burst and timing of hand-swipes can definitely give those guys problems
+ His ability to corner his rushes and work through contact from much larger bodies is impressive
+ Was already used on some loops from the inside, as part of Miami OH’s third-down pressure packages, At Cincinnati he was just lined up on the edge a lot more, where they used him for either responsibility on T-E twists or had him bail out from that spot
+ Overall, he’s just relentless with his effort in that regard and routinely got home to the quarterback – led all off-ball linebackers with 55 total pressures last season and had nine QB hits in week five alone
+ Was a menace rushing the passer one-on-one during Senior Bowl practices – his quick-twitch was on another level, as he routinely gave the running backs a little wiggle before contact and then beating them across their face
​
– He’s an obvious outlier in terms of size, ranking in the 1st percentile in height (5’10” and ½) and 3rd percentile in arm length (30 ½), which will limit his ability to punch off blockers and finish tackles as consistently at the pro level
– Wider bodies can cover him up, when able to climb straight up to him
– When he actually has to open up and run with guys out to the perimeter, he’s not the quickest to stop or redirect as they do
– Wasn’t really tasked with any true man-coverage or asked to carry guys down the middle at Miami of Ohio or Cincinnati
– Officially charged with a passer rating of 140.2 allowed, being charged with two touchdowns and only forcing three incompletions
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Can anybody tell me what’s wrong with Pace, other than being short? Did anybody watch Malcolm Rodriguez at Oklahoma State and then the Lions as a rookie last year? Sure, the concerns that come with his measurements will only be enhanced against all the size in the NFL and some teams not have him on their board at all because he’s below their thresholds, but this kid can freaking play. He has ways of marginalizing his lack of height/length, with the way he dips underneath blockers and defeats the hands, along with how insanely sturdy he is to hold his ground between the tackles. I do believe some of the worries about what he can provide in coverage are legitimate, because he has less margin for error, especially when getting matched up with large tight-ends, but his ridiculous win rate as a pass-rusher makes me believe he can be a major asset in that regard on passing down. I do understand that I’m significantly higher than consensus, but he’ll be a special teams demon early on, to earn his opportunities to shine on defense.
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The rest of the analysis can be found here!

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8. Dorian Williams, Tulane

6’1”, 225 pounds; SR
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https://preview.redd.it/r59c7jankpoa1.jpg?width=750&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=c561c037fc1bcb88986d86631c9e61e68ee83d7d
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9. Jeremy Banks, Tennessee

6’1”, 230 pounds; RS SR
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https://preview.redd.it/mdw436nqkpoa1.jpg?width=750&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=a0b06b12448b2471d4f11455de7e6e990cb6014b
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10. Noah Sewell, Oregon

6’3”, 250 pounds; JR
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Just missed the cut:

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Owen Pappoe, Auburn

6’0”, 225 pounds; SR
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The next names up:

Mohamoud Diabate (Utah), Ventrell Miller (Florida), Mikel Jones (Syracuse), Yasir Abdullah (Louisville), Shaka Heyward (Duke), Cam Jones (Indiana), Dee Winters (TCU) & Marte Mapu (Sacramento State)
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If you enjoyed this breakdown, please consider checking out the original piece and feel free to check out all my other video content here!
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Twitter: @ halilsfbtalk Instagram: @ halilsrealfootballtalk

More Condensed Design/Cost Notes Post

EDIT: "Over my paygrade" / "Armchair general" issues (AKA: Stuff I dont understand well enough)

1. Custom Builders... please confirm this is sane, if "drawn up, correctly" (over my head)
2. "Sketchup" Masters... Please help me with a 3D model/Floor ("breakdown" too advanced for me)
3. HVAC/Electrician/Plumber Trades people... can you assist with "your stuff" if I have a blueprint?
4. I will release/share all for free, to make it easier to get a full set of drawings "signed/approved"

//
Designed specifically for, dignified, bootstrap housing. Meeting/Exceeding Canadian Building Codes

• Original EVO Prototype design by VETS365, modified to 192sq ft (min is 188.4sq ft) R40 (& R60 SKILLION roof) with code compliant bathroom (32sq ft) & in unit laundry to meet Canadian OBC
• Truly NOT an eyesore and its dignified
• CHEAPEST: On 0.0666 (repeated) acre (1/15) "Sub-Lot" per home (44ft x 66ft each, see below)

Looks very nice, BUT: American, so its only 8ft x 20ft & unwinterized. Unlike described 8ft x 24ft
More size correct, but ugly. 3/8th of Awning/Porch enclosed like our 386* (in our case, 2'8\"x11\" = 2.44sq ft, for 386.44sq ft)

Design Family Name: "CAN-ECON-MODATE"

Sizes in sq ft: 192, to 1152

• 576 is the "Sweet Spot" IMHO
• Measurements ideal for 4x8 OBS sheets & Insulation. Also ideal for 2x4 & 2x6 lumber
• Aim is for minimal "on-site cutting" to be required
• 384 unit (8x24ft, 2 floor) must have 1sq ft "Entry Stoop Dormer" PLUS moving full bathroom to 2nd floor, to equal 385sq ft+ minimum & the 193sq ft combined area for a 1 bedroom unit (Must alter blueprints)
• 384 unit (8x24ft, 2 floor) MUST BECOME 8x28ft & have an 1sq ft "Entry Stoop Dormer" + PLUS moving full bathroom to 2nd floor, to qualify as a 2 bedroom, to code, at 427sq ft+ & the 225sq combined area. BECOMES 448SQ FT (Must alter blueprints)

Total height, floor to ceiling, of 2 floor is 15'1", 1.5 floor is 13'8", 1 floor is 7'6.5"

• An 8x24ft, 1.5 floor unit can be moved on road, as fully assembled, via normal truck & trailer)

1. 12x12 1.5 floor, with 40% mezzanine loft (4x8), accessed by full stairs = 144 + 48 or 192
2. (2-A) 8x24 / (2-B) 12x16 = 192 / 384 (needs 1sq ft extra lower floor, for 1 bedroom + den)
3. 12x20 = 240 (too small/big) / 480 (just over "right" for 2 bed room)
4. 16x16 = 256 (too small/big) / 512 (just over "right" for 3 bed room)
5. 12x24 = 288 (too small/big) / 576 (needs 1sq ft extra for 4 bedroom)
6. 16x20 = 320 (exactly "right" for 1 bed room) / 640
7. 16x24 = 384 / 768
8. 20x20 = 400 (just under "right" for 2 bed room) is max size of tiny house in Canada / 800
9. 24x20 = 480 / 960
10. 24x24 = 576 / 1152

Play on "Can Accommodate", as: CAN = Canada, ECON = Economical, Sanskrit "Modate" - "of eternal joy/satisfaction"
Reasonable universal Floorplan (Standard + Mobility Impaired, "wet wall" is top-right corner)
Universal Floorplan (Standard + Mobility Impaired) 192sq ft, including 32sq ft bathroom (mech room loft overhead)
All-In-One Kitchenette with Laundry Combo:

• 30" AIO + 24" Laundry Combo in 8ft wide units
• 48" AIO + 24" Laundry Combo in 16ft wide units (30" + 4 burner Range with Oven & larger cabinet)
• 54" AIO + 24" Laundry Combo in 22ft wide units (48" + full height fridge/freezer & dishwasher)

Bathroom Layout & Lofts: (Bathroom: visualize as the 32sq ft example, below in post body)

• SWAP: Move sink to toilet position, toilet repositioned between showetub and sink
• Enclosed mechanical loft, above bathroom, (adequate sq ft/access 900w Hot water, 900w Heatpump/AC)
• 76.8sq ft (or less) open mezzanine loft, above "tall side" of main room ("step ladder" accessible, railed, Storage area ONLY)
• Mobility Impaired: "Storage loft" area can accommodate an overhead lift, full length of dwelling
• Shown as: 45" doored "walk-in/sit-down" or 48" full "soaker" bathtub
• 24sq ft half-bathroom in 3 bedroom unit (768sq ft+)

Bathroom layout, with half-bathroom layout for 3 bedroom units

Smallest realistic 0.5 Bath 8.75sq ft (NEEDS ACCORDION DOOR)

Smallest \"realistic\" 0.5 Bathroom / \"Powder Room\", 8.75sq ft

Modular Expansion (For nuclear families, with children)

• see notes slightly below, of needing to swap 2 bedroom to 8x28ft

Two Floor - 2 Bedrooms & 1.5 Bathrooms - 448sq ft (Minimum for Family/145sq ft Great Room)

• Room measurements are INTERIOR (Scale is slightly off)
• "Red Bar" = Enry Door
• The "0.5 bathroom" (smaller, upper floor), is optional (16ft wide units+)
• ?Is 12x20ft (480sq ft) a "better configuration" for a 2 floor, 2 to 3 bedroom 1.5 bath?

SHOWN: ONLY 27SQ FT FOR STAIRWELL & LANDING/HALLWAY!

Two Floor - 1 bed + den (2nd bedroom) & 1 bath - 385sq ft+
To Scale - 384sq ft floorplan

• need 193sq ft "combined area", roughly, by various local code "suggestions/guidelines"
• 384 unit (8x24ft, 2 floor) must be described as "1 bedroom + Den"
• Straight-run, 2'10" (860mm) wide (the code minimum), to one side stairwell, fits "best" IMHO
• Spiral type, "Bent L" or "U'ed" is NOT possible, IS MUCH TOO WIDE for 8ft units (5'8"+ wide)
• Under stairs area used as mechanical room
• ONLY 27SQ FT FOR STAIRWELL & LANDING "HALLWAY"!!!!
• 6.25sq ft (30"x30") is minimum landing/hallway size possible (12.5sq ft total)
• Thats a 2'6"x2 6" landing at top of stairs with doorways on 2 or 3 sides (& stair access on 4th side)
• 14.5sq ft is possible as a flex area: Closet(s) OR "Powder Room" bathroom

1 bedroom + Den (2nd bedroom) + 1 bath, layout / 385sq ft+
75sq ft Bedroom "Alcove" ideal for, single over single bunkbed, with storage stairs
single over single bunkbed, with storage stairs
Double Wide, 16ft, & Triple Wide, 24ft, Units

• Upper "LINEN CLOSET" area is removed as a "side ways" hallway corridor, joining modules
• On main floor "side ways" hallway corridor is direct below upper, even with stairwell landing

Lot Spacing: On a 1/15 Acre, or 44ftx66ft, "Sub-Lot"

• >1500 inhabitants/km2. Single 24ftx24ft unit (1152sq ft), on 0.0666 acre (1/15) Sub-Lot (44ftx66ft)
• Side spacing is 10ft, each side: Enough for a standard 8'6" wide driveway/laneway (or carport)
• Front/Rear spacing is 21ft, each. backyard of 924sq ft, equal size front yard

BIGGEST unit (24ftx24ft) on a 1/15 acre lot (44ftx66ft lot)

Ontario Building Code Considerations:

• 384 unit (8x24ft, 2 floor) must have 1sq ft "Awning Overhang Dormer" to equal 385sq ft+

Please refer to current OBC, &/OR local building codes

More Current OBC Additions

Please refer to current OBC, &/OR local building codes

• Area: 188.4sq ft is the absolute minimum
• Combined sleeping, living and dining areas and kitchen space 145sq ft
• Bathroom (sink, toilet & showebath). Could be as little as 32sq ft
• Laundry 11sq ft

ALSO, no bedroom unit may be under 256.4sq ft (or 331.4sq ft, if 2 bedroom):

• Combined area requirement increased to 193sq ft to 225sq ft
• NO unit, with separate bedrooms, may have a main bedroom under 95sq ft
• Additional bedrooms at least 75sq ft

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/ Lots of rough notes below here in post

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/

Dwelling info, notes, rough stuff

At $50K on a $50K lot & 5yr fixed rate 1% loan = $1700/month

• At 3x Dwellings allowed per lot (& fitting on a small lot), in Ontario, this would be roughly $1200/month
• Affordable/Survivable, for a minimum wage, part time worker = 30hweek (or $1,782.11 net)
• As a 1.5 floor, with 90sq ft+ (if we subtract mech loft) full loft, suitable as 1 bedroom (282 to 318sq ft, for a rough $2000/month). Ideal for married coupled without children yet (or moved out)
• Built as a 2 floor & "DUAL UNIT", side by side 16x24, suitable for a family of 4 (768sq ft, 3 bed/1 bath, for a rough $3000/month)

Minimizing monthly/long term cost of living (as low as $1000/month, for 60x months)
You could subdivide 1 acre into 1/5 acre lots, 3 dwellings each = 15 units per acre (44ft x 66ft each)

• that is 0.0666 (repeated) acres each dwelling, if 3x per 1/5 acre (0.2 acres) lot

1. A 60amp/1020watt solar grid tie-in, would likely MORE than power home (95% of the year)
2. That's 1300kWh/year+ of electrical power production (or 19500kWh/year+ per acre!)
3. Grid Tie-in's need no battery bank (lowering cost/maintenance. 1x panel, 1x controller, 1x inverter)
4. LNG/Propane is "cheap", but you cant generate it & is market dependent (poor long term value)

OBS, isn't that, "cheap"? YES, but in "7/16 marine", its acceptable+ (for use in "well made" SIP):
YES, Plywood would be better, but would bloom costs VASTLY (the majority of lumber cost is the 7/16 OBS at 4x8ft)

• 8' wide x 24' long, 7'7" inside ceiling low side, 12ft skillion peak on high side, 192sq ft
• TWICE the square footage of Navy officers quarters (or same size as captains cabin), on ship
• 3.5'x24' loft, 98sq ft (not counted) on high skillion side 66sq ft mechanical loft/32sq ft storage loft
• I estimate "sealed shell" as approx. $9000 in costs, including a monolithic slab (minus labor cost)
• HVAC/E&P/Fixtures would run $9000 in costs
• Exterioexterior finishing, furniture & the starter kits as little as $2000
• IMHO: Finished Whiteboard 1/4" Plywood/Grey Laminate flooring/White surface & tile/Bright Primary Exterior Paint is cheap & classic/clean/looks "big"
• $20000, roughly, per unit (Less if built in bulk, like 10 units), PLUS labor costs

Lofts:

• A 2-floor is possible, moving bedroom and bathroom to (132sq ft+) 2nd floor.. sleeping lofts / mezzanines are just not cost effective by the OBC rules (10% walled/40% railed, of sq ft, max)
• Best split to mechanical (rear larger, no user typical access), Front Storage (smaller, "no man") user accessible via step stool/hand hold, not intended for "occupation" (do not stand on)

Solo unit (most dignified), 5plex unit (25K BTU/wall/slab share), 10plex (50K BTU/wall/slab share) possible
Building materials for each unit can be flat packed in a 4'x8' 4ft tall shipping units for roadway delivery/portability.
A 20 foot semi-trailer could haul 10 of these units where needed and erected by as few 2 labors, in as little as a day (2x workers = 1 unit/day), even without power tools.

• You could move materials needed for one on a 8x4ft HF trailer & "RangeDakota" series pickup
• 1195lbs pickup load + 1195lbs (lighter) 8x4 HF trailer load = 2390lbs on a 7495lbs pickup tow

OBC Note: Electrical & Plumbing pathing are pre routed in the SIP, installed by a skilled laborer, and signed off on by licensed trades person (one electrician and one plumber per site, to approve work)
Materials (basic shell/interior unfinished + approx):

• Concrete (3.7cu yards, at 6" deep/12" footing) / Concrete foundation blocks (equivalent for footprint)
• 150x: 2x6 (8ft)
• 20x: 2x4 (8ft)
• 80x OBS 7/16 (4x8ft, marine)
• Construction Adhesive (Polyurethane, InterioExterior, Waterproof, 825 ml - 12 Pack)
• 100sq ft R12 Fiberglass insulation (sound batt, only for interior section of bathroom wall)
• 1800sqft R17.5 Rigid insulation (glued to R35, and R52.5)
• 1000sq ft R5ci Cladding Insulation (R35 + R5ci + Sheathing = R43+/R52.5 + R5ci + Sheathing = R60+)
• Various: nails/screws/silicon, "barrier", appox. 250sq ft os singles (skillion, gable is 425sq ft)
• 2x windows 3x3 (slidelock), 1x window 1.5x1.5 (bathroom egress/lock)
• one 32" exterior door (security port/bolt) & one 30" pocket door (interior, safety lock)

Small Notes: (I assume "cold" version, not "wet" version, on monolithic slab)

• Foundation: I would suggest at least monolithic slab in cold climates (Canada), Local code in wet
• Framing: Exterior 2x6 R40 7/16" OBS-SIP / Interior wall (bathroom) 2x4 R12 7/16" OBS-SIP
• Roof: 2x6 R60 7/16 OBS-SIP SKILLION (cheapeeasier) left right, Minimal Slope: 1in4 to 1in6
• Kitchen: 30" Combo Kitchenette (2 burnesink/fridge/freezecabinet) with stand and 24" vaporless laundry combo (height match + counter top), 36"x24" over counter MDF cupboard.
• Kitchen Extra: 500w Microwave, 1L kettle, 2 person utensil/dish set (+ starter towels/cleaning set)
• Bathroom: 32sqft, 3 piece, 3/4 unit (coach sink, shower stall, toilet) + starter towels/cleaning set
• Heat/Cool: Units are ductless, internal split 5000BTU heat-pump/AC (in mechanical room loft)
• Water: 10 Gallon Hot water Tank (also in mechanical room loft). Assuming "city hook-ups"
• All other "mechanical" in rear loft (not standard access to dweller)
• Standard access loft, smaller, storage in the front of dwelling (could fit a few bikes, storage chests)
• Included furniture: Tri-fold Twin XL sofa/bed, 24"x12" wall hang folding table with 2 chairs, 60"x36" (4 drawe1 full height 1/2 door) MDF Wardrobe, 26" bicycle

//

Power Use No unit over 900 Watts (Avg user cost: $50/month)

NOTE: All units are 115V operation with pre-installed cords include 3-pronged cords for easy setup (normal outlet) & ETL/ETL-C/CE/EnergyStar certified

• Care taken to allow: can of beans/cup of tea to BAKING COOKIES or ROASTING A MINI CHICKEN

30" unit "Kitchenette Combo" detailed *(*requiring separate 12" space"landing" cook top side)

• Both the cooktop (12 amps) and refrigerator (1.3 amps)
• Includes a 5 3/4" 600W front element and 7" 900W rear element
• 322.0kWh/year, 3.2 cu.ft. ENERGY STAR certified refrigerator, with 0.6 cu.ft freezer compartment
• 13"x11" (7.5"D) sink with 2.93cu.ft. storage cabinet below

24" Combo Laundry: 2.7 cu. ft. All-In-One Ventless WasheDryer detalied:

• 90kWh/year USA Solo user rated (430kWh/year "Average Canadian Family" rating)
• its 900w in highest power "dryer" mode

5000BTU Heatpump/AC mini-split (indoor unit), 2 zone

• 500w AC / 900w Heatpump, dual zone thermostat
• Minimum note: 400w AC / 720W Heatpump

10 Gallon, 150PSI, Hotwater Tank

• 900w
• Minimum note: 7 gallon, 720w, to do a hot wash and have 1 shower (same time period)

0.6cu.ft. Microwave Oven

• 500w output (701w input). Sold as IGENIX 500w/5a, the meter doesn't lie (& its their cheapest one!)
• Minimum note: special conversion of standard 600w unit to 5a, 120v/240v & 320w (draws 449w)
• Neither has "turn table", or power hungry motor that runs it

1.0 Liter, Kettle

• 490w (said 500w, but meter tests it to max out at 490w draw)
• Food Grade Silicon Collapsing! (its tiny!)
• Minimum note: 0.6L at 460w = 5min boil

0.6cu.ft Toaster Over (Dash Mini)

• 550w (IT COOKED A WHOLE, MINI, CHICKEN & BAKED 10X COOKIES!)
• Minimum note: is minimum watts

Lighting:

• 5x Recessed Pots: 7w LED (4x main, 1x bathroom)
• 3x 9w narrower beam LED (vanity mirror + kitchen work area)
• 1x 11w LED Exterior on motion sensor + switch
• Assume 2x lamps (bedside & desk), using 9w LED bulbs
• Minimum note: "night light" 2w, area 5w, work 7w, read 9w, security 11w

Suggested: (media center, digital communication. add $28/ month unlimited min/Unlimited 15mbps)

• 5w (18w full draw) Mini PC, with basic keyboard/mouse
• 32" 60w LED 1080P HDTV/DVD Combo, (with VGA/DVI/Composite/HDMI)
• Android Smart Phone (LG G7 is $50 overstock, and the most power efficient smartphone, 5w/2a)
• TP-Link TL-WR802N router (min/max usage: 0.85 watts), use 7.4 kWh/year. Like $1 to run per year
• Minimum note: all are minimum watts, of "current" devices

//

Costs

Assuming $50K Lot, $20K Materials/Fittings/Finishing's, $20K Labor, & $10K Other (permits/transport)

• Lot of 1 Acre, with "city hookup" wateseweelectric service & paved access (assumed "town lot")
• Divided in to 1/5 acre lots per dwelling (possibly with 3 units on each) or 1/5 a "Football Field"
• As low as $1000/month, for 60x months
• if $100/month was charged as "interest", this home would payback 110%+ ($56K, on $50K cost)
• $890K return on $800K invested per acer, over 60x months

At $50K on a $50K lot & 5yr fixed rate 1% loan = $1700/month

• At 3x Dwellings allowed per lot (& fitting on a small lot), in Ontario, this would be roughly $1200/month
• Further division, of above, but 1 acre > 5x 1/5 acres > 3x dwellings each, about $1000/month
• Affordable/Survivable, for a minimum wage, part time worker = 30hweek (or $1,782.11 net)

Housing for so little, for Veterans that gave us so much

• Ignore "NON-HANDICAP" floor planning, I have a much more sensible/safe one
• Laundry combo unit is on hot plate kitchenette side (to space hot plate 24"+ from wall)

From VETS365, Serving Those Who Served Us. OP Modified (table/chairs white, but image is woodgrain)
Missing MDF Dresser, Cupboard & Wardrobe/Wall Unit, (described, not pictured elsewhere)

• YES! (BEFORE YOU ASK), all units/fixtures/appliances/furniture have a "BLACK" option
• Wardrobe "double duties" as "Entertainment/TV Stand", Table "doubles" as "work desk", dresser "doubles" as "night table", Futon "doubles" as bed & sofa. there is no "coffee table"

(see text for dimensions) They are same shade/manufacture, BUT its a poor OP composite image
30" Kitchenette + 24" Laundry/Workspace Concept (Cupboard 24" above, bottom equal shelf top)

• All-In-One kitchenette uses 3x standard household outlets (NOT a 50 Amp Range Receptacle)
• Laundry counter top height equal, with protective cover, "doubles" as prep space/landing
• Mentioned appliances Top shelf, Cleaning under sink, dishes and can/dry goods in cupboard
• 2nd 30"x15"x12" cupboard, (above kitchenette shelf) would help mitigate tight storage

Poorly made OP composite image, cupboard TOO LOW
Missing Flooring/Sheathing (described, not pictured elsewhere)
clean! CHEAP! has the added effect of \" area looking bigger\", easier with \"trim rib\" every 4ft
Missing Tile (For backsplashes & in bathroom, described, not pictured elsewhere)
clean! CHEAP! Glossy for slight reflection = \"area looks bigger\"
//

Is 32sq ft a decent bathroom?

IMHO: you can take a full bath (if opt'ing for bathtub), decent area to dry, lots of leg room

• 30" pocket doors do wonders for small bathrooms/closets (a lot like an exterior door opening "out")
• As pictured, BUT: We have a pocket door, corner coach sink/cabinet, shower stall & Our floors are GREY, with a WHITE cabinet (green in a bathroom? why?)

Real 32sq ft bathroom with full size bathtub, sink & toilet.
//
Remember to channel SIP for Electrical/Plumbing Services
Ideally "Service Location", "Service Transit", & "Service Absent" for "Universal Panels"
PUR (I believe its real name is "XPS") is strong enough for "Cam & Lock"

• IMHO Cam/Lock setup is only acceptable for fast "Measure Twice, Cut Once" placement, before 3 standard framing nails (per side/top/bottom) are used to firmly secure AFTER confirmation

simple SIP diagram, but you get the idea
The General Rule of Thumb for Outlet Spacing

• Receptacles are needed in every room of a home such that no point on a wall is over 6′ from an outlet. This means that you need an outlet within 6′ of a doorway or fireplace. A long wall, however, may have up to 12′ between outlets.

From 1990 NEC “210.52 Dwelling Unit Receptacle Outlets.

• (c) In kitchen and dining areas of dwelling units a receptacle outlet shall be installed add each counter space wider than 12 inches. Receptacles shall be installed so that no point along the wall line is more than 24 inches, measured horizontally from a receptacle outlet in that space. Island and Peninsular counter tops 12 inches or wider should have at least one receptacle for each 4 feet of countertop. Counter top spaces is separated by range tops, refrigerators, or sinks shall be considered a separate countertop spaces. Receptacles rendered inaccessible by appliances fastened in place or appliances occupying dedicated space shall not be considered as these required outlets.”

Diagram, 6/12 & 2/4 \"Rules\"

Yes tents exist. This is the "Vagabond-500, Nano-RV", Sleeps 2

What pulls this? this does, a 10Kw to 11kW Full Fat Recumbent Electric Trike:

• Obviously an over extreme example, a pedal bike could pull it, even if its a fairly heavy load
• If its too heavy via pedal for you, cheap "DIY E-Bike" front wheel kits exist ($95 for a 250w online)

1. Off Road
2. On Road (Claims only 50mph... but I'm pretty sure it exceeds 62mph, or 100km/h)

DIY & New materials, you could still build this for about $1500 in 2023 (plus cost of tools used)

• $2000 total, if exteriointerior are well finished
• Cheaper Rigids: Bootstrap Cube is $100, Nomad is $300, Drew Builds Stuff Solar Camper is $1000
• Plated Rigids: 8ft Vetsport/Wombat is $2500, 10ft Wander is $7500, & 12ft Campster is $10000

HF/IT Brand (& VIN'ed) trailers are heavy, costly, for larger road vehicles & not ideal for bikes/E-bikes

• Canada: $1250 8x4 trailer, must be pre-purchased, VIN register, Pick it up with papers/plates! RIP OFF, and government red tape (even a pro trailer builder needs a government ticket)
• Unneeded: I dont plan on attaching this to a plated road vehicle (bike/e-bike only)
• Same too much $$, for any "Wanderer" style Mini-RV's designed for these 8x4ft to 8x10ft trailers
• "Wide trail/Street" Bike/E-Bike trailers up to 15x5.5x5ft (clearance under 1ft) don't need a VIN (or plates)
• Load balancing, Rear strobe, all round reflectors & a trailer flag are required, I would add brake/turning signal lights & a Front "caution/hazard" strobe to this (in case of break down)

Design Phase: Running ("Living") Summary, so far:

• 15x5.5ft Ultra Heavy Duty Bike trailer (ala custom "Bikes at Work" type / Pico Chassis Combo)
• 5x10 Cargo bed, slight load overhand for drainage access
• 12x5.5x4.5ft Exterior, "All Smooth Fiberglass" Finish on R30 (4 Season) SIP 3 inch thick walls
• 11.5x5x4.25 Interior, at Total: 57.5sq ft
• Wet room showemini-cassette toilet, of an included 6.25sq ft
• Tongue "V-Push" front mechanical closet and aero-body, multi level, additional at 10.5sq ft
• Ground Clearance 10 to 11 inches, can quad-stand at 15 inch stationary
• Equipped Weight, with safety: Dry: 350lbs, Wet: 400lbs
• GVWR, with safety: 500lbs (250lbs wheel/tire/innertube rating, x2) moving (quad-stands: 800lbs)
• Do not exceed: 35km/h (can handle up to 60km/h, but breaking/stopping/wind will be an issue)
• Solar System: 500w/40A with 500w DC to AC Inverter, + Emergency 100w Alternator (hand/wheel)
• Battery: 50Ah (1x 150Ah is 2/3 weight of 3x 50AU, 30lbs vs 45lbs)
• Lights, Heat, Internal Galley, Running Hot/Cold Water, Internal ShoweCassette Toilet, Fridge
• 10.1" HDTV with speakers, AM/FM tuner, Mini-PC, 2x Smart Device Mount/2A USB Charge Ports, Shore PoweWater hookup, Solar & Shore Power outlets (internal & external closet locked)

//
//

Concept: The REALISTIC Bike Mini-RV / Camper.

Concept, Micro-Camper, Minus V-front doored front storage & "Fat 250lbs" bike wheels:

• 15ft Canoe, 400w solar panel, Propane (Standard BBQ) Tank, Cassette Toilet & Toolbox show scale
• Wheels would be "half cowled, all smooth", as described
• converted to "all interior" features (no rear door or hatch galley)
• Ideally just sitting height, on interior futon's height seat, plus folding chair on casters

Vetsport microcamper used as concept image, DIY modified as described
Layout: Concept Alpha, rough composite image, ideally just sitting height, door opposite traffic

Chassis/Trailer

Aluminum T-Channel Square Tube, Weighs: 52lbs / GVWR: 352lbs (up to 500lbs True)
96B Bike Trailer Source
$1300 to $1400? I thank them for their genius design, and customize it to my needs via a DIY build

• Much cheaper, $250 in metal, DIY, but concept is awesome. Secure but adjustable wheels
• if we replace the wheels, tires & innertubes with "fat bike" 250lbs each (the max I can locate), we will "get the most out of this wheel/axel style"
• We can max out width, up to 5.5ft safely, with an internal "wheel well", and "stretch/over hang" the load to up to 12ft safely

Specs: 96B, 10x3ftft trailer total (8ft long cargo bed), GVWR 400lbs (under rated to 300 + 52 chassis)

• 20" 175lbs each tires > Upgrade to Fat Bike Tire up to 250lbs each passible (500lbs "True")
• On bike wheel axel universal hitch
• 1 minute wheel adjust, balance ANY load
• Fast release wheels with cargo loadable, person stand on supporting, fender
• Stable for bed loads as long as 12' & as wide as 5'6", and 5'6" tall (12x5.5x5.5ft), from pictures, videos of it in use, & written reviews from owners of trailer (like a 5ft tall stack of 5x8 OBS)

Stock 96b specs

Body Profile: "The Simple, All Flat"

Archived Source
Profile: squared off, all \"flat panels\", 4x8 & 5x8 (tongue push to 9ft or even 10ft), 4ft tall

Similar design (by other reddit user, as example pics)

Here on reddit: HERE

• great idea, I believe a few inches more per side with enclosed wheel well may improve usability
• making frame DIY, and careful choice of materials/technique may improve design
• If a "side doohatch" is chosen over the "rear door" mass and layout may be improved
• Adding front "V-Wedge" (Equilateral force airbody) "storage area" (battery/etc) may improve design
• Changing the wheel/tire/innertubes is a must to achieve best max load results (imho)
• welding frame should improve strength and reduce "hardware" mass (1lbs?)
• If using a interior Wheel wheel, removing fenders should save an estimated 2lbs to 4lbs
• "Smooth Side" Half-Cowling of the wheels to the body should improve aerodynamics

These considerations may save a rough 12.5% to 25% mass (6.5lbs to 13lbs), maybe to 40lbs weight
Weighs about 90 pounds, a hexayurt inspired design, built from polyiso (with lexan windows and a plywood floor) atop a bikes at work 96AW trailer.

Framing/Insulating

In SIP 2x3 "light" Lumber or more Aluminum T-Channel Square Tubes

• Which ever is lightesafer, I will test strength a few gauge thicknesses and hardwoods
• On "Base"/bed in 6mm (1/5) marine OBS double face finish (1x or 19lbs)
• inneouter skin in 5mm (3/16) single face finish, 14lbs (6x or 84lbs) (I MUST test for rigidity/flex), minus waste cuts
• Insulated in 2x "single face foil backed", rigid R12.5 1.25 inch thick "foilboard", sandwiched/Glued together on non-foiled face, to make 2.5 inch thick R25 (R30 when skinned/sealed) walls
• Various finishing for moisture sealing/proofing all joining's/exposed surfaces
• "Poor-Mans" fiberglass look via fiberglass cloth, steamed, smoothed, sealed sanded & painted
• Rigid foam is 0.01 at 2x8ft (we use 16 sheets, or 0.16lbs!), minus waste mass
• 2x3x8ft lumber weighs, 8.5lbs (we use 14 boards of 2x3x8ft lumber, or 119lbs), minus waste mass
• OBS needed has a mass of 103lbs (taking us to approx. 220lbs, minus waste cuts, or 5%/10lbs)
• 220lbs, That is "shell" on frame mass, with door, no fixtures, & no trailer mass added, 10x5x5ft

With trailer, if 40lbs, that is 250lbs, minimally, with doohatch & port/skylight windows
Tongue Storage: 10.5sq ft (v-shaped enclosed, multi level, lockable, mini drop wheel/kick stand)
Exterior: 12x5.5x4.5ft, min clearance 10 inch (5.25ft tire bottom on road to roof top)
Interior: 11.5x5x4.25ft = 57.5sq ft
GVWR: 500lbs + 10% (550lbs)
Total: 68sq ft, 220lbs "rolling" ready (no interior fixtures past cupboards/shelving/blank worktop)

• assuming all wood 2x3 picked as "lighter" & 2x2 tests "unsafe" or "too low R value"

Vetsport Extreme SIPS Microcamper, Link to 100% free plans (order is assembly is detailed)
Strong/Light SIP Framing, while using minimal non-rigid foam (wood/metal)

Liquids Note:

White/Grey/Black Water (minimal sizes, if used) - 8lbs per Gallon

• White water tank: 1 Gallon per person
• Grey Water tank volume must equal white tanks (obviously, to avoid overflow/floods)
• Black water tank must equal 0.5 gallons (full blader emptied + daily constitutional)
• Equals, per person, 2x 1.0 gallon tanks & 1x 0.5 gallon tank (20lbs per person)
• Note: even a "cassette/composting black water tank" has mass if full
• Safety: Liquids move, try to avoid traveling with anything but a full "white water" tank, if you can

Ok, Rolling unit concept, needs a floor plan/layout

So far:
Concept Alpha, rough composite image

• Sliding door on bathroom would allow access, if 2 people inside, one sleeping (during night)
• Galley & Wet room (bathroom) split across front end, as 2.5x2.5ft each (including wall framing)
• this is "no axle adjustments" setup, ensure perfect initial balance, then that loads are balanced, may need to change floor plan to represent true location of wheel wells
• I prefer single side door, on not traffic side, opening so it would close itself if it opened in transit
• front/rear 1ftx1ft windows, 0.5x1ft side windows, main skylight, vent skylight bathroom & kitchen
• A "mechanical closet" in V-front, vented, for batteries/propane. other unsafe, etc.

Concept Alpha, rough composite image, ideally just sitting height on futon
Small Wet Rooms?

• Commercial unit: 29x30" RV Wrt Room Pic: manufacturer site: Forest River

29\"x30\" RV Wet Room, New Unit, Unboxing Before installation (overhead-ish view)
DIY "As Small As Possible" Wet Room, Smallest I've ever seen (20" x 24"?)

• Cant pass this up, the space saved using a wet room this size is too good
• Adding a tiny fold up, collapsing silicon "wash-sink" would complete it as a "3 Piece Wet Room"

DIY Wet Room, Smallest I've ever seen

Inside added weight:

• 500w/40ASolar setup (15lbs), DC to AC Invertor (2lbs) & 50Ah Battery (15lbs)
• A 4.5ft to 4.75ft wide futon + good mattresses weight (custom murphy futon/daybed, 15lbs??)
• A 2x2x2ft Cassette Toilet & materials to water proof wet room so it doesn't leak to interior (5lbs)
• I minimally equipped cooking work top's combined mass, likely a mini toaster over (100w to 550w = caution), collapsing 0.6L kettle (460w), hotplate (100w to 450w), small table fan (18w), 30lbs
• A 8w on demand water pump (with filter), plus piping to a mini sink & 0.5GPM ULF showerhead
• White, Grey & Black Water tanks for 2 people (5lbs + 40lbs when full), 2nd "grey/black" piping 8W on demand pump (filterless)
• DIY 100w Peltier driven 0.5 gallon hot water tank (this 100w is not free, but "waste heat" is)
• Note: Just too good to pass up, considering power needed to heat/cool watefood
• Above pumping heat out of a 0.5cu ft mini fridge at 3C, for FREE (100w FREE), 0.5 gallon cold water tank below it (uninsulated barrier wall for passive cooling "cold water"), 10lbs (all water equip mass + DIY 0.5cu ft 3C Refrigerator)
• LED 10.1 inch HDTV (18w) and "entertainment suite" (PC & AM/FM Radio, 18W) on ceiling fold down panel. 5lbs
• 350w of heating needed (400w thermostatic panel, with thermostat, is smallest/lightest), 5lbs
• LED lights: 2x 7 watt main area (+ 3w LED in 6w solar vent fan), 2x 11w readers, 9w kitchen (+ 3w LED in 6w solar vent fan), 9w bathroom light (+ 3w LED in 6w solar vent fan), 7w rear strobe, Cargo area bay 9w (+ 3w LED in 6w solar vent fan), exterior, 15lbs
• Light weight shelving/cupboards/divider, suitable to loads 15lbs

Total Interior added weight: Approx. 170lbs + 220lbs = 390lbs (+/- 10% = 39lbs)

• That is liquids "full", 350lbs "liquids empty"
• Plus your, MINIMAL stuff, blankets & clothing (call it 20lbs more per person, equal to full liquids)

Fully Equipped Mass of: Wet 390lbs / Dry 350lbs (call it 400lbs)

• GVWR is 500lbs by my math, as a "utility/cargo road trailer" (UK/CAN/AUS MoT, USA DoT is similar)
• NOTE: Trailer has no VIN/ownership & can not be pulled by a motorcycle/catruck on roadways
• BIKES/E-BIKES ONLY: Best you can do is 3 wheel Recumbent E-Bike in Canada/USA without being a licensed vehicle, 500w Can/750w USA per wheel but 1100w is possible (5000w + 3000w + 3000w)
• Safe to carry 100lbs of additional cargo (on tongue or roof), LOAD BALANCED
• Stationary, on quad kick stands, it should support 2 Adults sleeping/moving inside (+300lbs)